IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


11.25 


L;|2j8     |25 


lu  m 


■  2.2 
£    |l£    12.0 


6" 


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1.4    11.6 


JS 


/, 


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7. 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTEE.N.V.  M5E0 

(716)  872-4J03 


^4. 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


6^ 


i 


Tttchnical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notos  tachniquat  at  bibiiograpliiquaa 


Tha  inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  avaiiabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua, 
which  may  ahar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction.  or  which  may  aignificantly  changa 
tha  uaual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chaclcad  balow. 


Q 


D 


0 


D 


D 


Colourad  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I     I   Covara  damagad/ 


Couvartura  andommagAa 

Covara  raatorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  raataurte  at/ou  palliculAa 


|~~1   Covar  titia  miaaing/ 


La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 

Colourad  mapa/ 

Cartaa  giographlquaa  an  coulaur 

Colourad  ink  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 


|~~|   Colourad  plataa  and/or  illuatrationa/ 


Planchaa  at/ou  illuatrationa  an  coLlaur 

Bound  with  othar  matarial/ 
RailA  avac  d'autraa  documanta 

Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  intarior  margin/ 

La  raliura  sarria  paut  causae  da  I'ombra  ou  da  la 
diatortion  la  long  da  la  marga  intAriaura 

Blank  laavaa  addad  during  rastoration  may 
appaar  within  tha  taxt.  Whan^war  poaaibia,  thasa 
hava  baan  omittad  from  filming/ 
II  aa  paut  qua  cartainas  pagas  Manchas  ajoutAaa 
lora  d'una  rastauration  apparaisson';  dans  l«  taxt&, 
mais.  lorsqua  cala  Atait  possibla.  cas  pagas  n'ont 
pas  At*  f  ilmAas. 

Additional  commants:/ 
Commantairas  suppl6mantairas: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  la  maillaur  axamplaira 
qu'il  lui  a  *t*  poaaibia  da  sa  procurar.  Laa  dAtaiia 
da  cat  axamplaira  qui  aont  paut-Atra  uniquaa  du 
point  da  vua  bibliographiqua,  qui  pauvant  modifiar 
una  imaga  raproduita,  ou  qui  pauvant  axigar  una 
modification  dana  la  mAthoda  normala  da  fiimaga 
sont  indiquAs  ci-daaaoua. 


0   Colourad  pagaa/ 
Pagas  da  coulaur 


D 
D 
D 

n 


D 


This  itam  is  filmad  at  tha  raduction  ratio  chackad  balow/ 

Ca  documant  ast  film*  au  taux  da  reduction  indiqu*  ci-daaaous. 


Pagas  damagad/ 
Pagas  andommagies 

Pagas  raatorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Pagas  raataurAaa  at/ou  palliculAas 

Pagas  discolourad,  stainad  or  foxad/ 
Pagaa  dAcoiortea.  tachattas  ou  piqutea 

Pagas  datachad/ 
Pagas  dAtachtes 


Tl 
to 


|~n    Showthrough/ 


Tranaparanca 

Quality  of  prir 

QualitA  intgala  da  I'imprassion 

Includas  supplamantary  matarii 
Comprand  du  material  aupplAmantaira 

Only  adition  avaiiabia/ 
Saula  Adition  diaponlbia 


I     I    Quality  of  print  varias/ 

I     I   Includas  supplamantary  matarial/ 

r~n    Only  adition  avaiiabia/ 


Tl 

P< 

o\ 
fil 


O 
b( 
t^ 
si 
ot 
fil 
si 
oi 


Pagas  wholly  or  partially  obscurad  by  arrata 
allps,  tfssuas.  ate,  hava  baan  rafilmad  to 
ansura  tha  baat  possibla  imaga/ 
Las  pagaa  totalamant  ou  partiallament 
obscurcias  pnr  un  feuillat  d'arrata,  una  palura. 
ate,  ont  At  A  filmAas  A  nouvaau  da  fa^on  A 
obtanir  la  maillaura  imaga  possibla. 


Tl 

St 

Tl 
w 

M 

d 
ar 
b< 
rl 
rs 
m 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

aox 

7 

12X                            leX                            20X                             a4X                            28X                            32X 

ail* 

du 

•difiar 

una 

raaga 


Tha  copy  filmad  hara  has  baan  raproducad  thank* 
to  tha  ganaroaity  of: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possibia  considaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacifications. 


L'axamplaira  film*  fut  raproduit  grAca  A  la 
gAnirositA  da: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

Las  imagas  suivantas  ont  AtA  raproduitas  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattatA  da  l'axamplaira  filmA.  at  an 
conformitA  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  covars  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion.  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  copias  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion.  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illustratad  imprassion. 


Las  axamplairas  originaux  dont  la  couvartura  Bn 
papiar  ast  imprimAa  sont  filmAs  9n  commanfant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  mn  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darniAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  la  sacond 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autras  axamplairas 
originaux  sont  filmAs  an  commandant  par  la 
pramiAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration  at  an  tarminant  par 
la  darniAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  telle 
empreinte. 


Tha  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derniAre  image  de  chaqua  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  ^^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE".  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc..  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  die^irams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartas,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  rAduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  {'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammas  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


rrata 
o 


palure. 
1  A 


□ 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

I.  a .  '-^ 


PUREST   AND    BEST   ON    EARTH! 


TliE     F^ilvroXJS 


Jesse  Moore  Whiskies 

Smooth  as  Oil.      Ivxciuisitely  Flavored.     Never  a  Headacln.' 
ill  it.     (Guaranteed  Aljsolu'ely  Pure. 

SPECIALLY  ADAPTED  FOR  THE  ALASKAN  TRADE. 


'ii'iiiii  :!■;:!: 


SOLD  BY  LIQUOR  DEALERS  EVERYWHERE. 

SOLD  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS 

The  Jesse  Moore  Hunt  Company,  proprietors 

404    FRONT    STREET, 


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KENTUCKY 


San  Francisco. 


'i^ 


YU;<iyiat%..: 


Tm^-m. 


jv 


^  V 


'•I,'" 


^  <, 


•  ■mM- 


r.n:^f 


mm^^^m^:. 


timmm^ 


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-.««*Jl~;--I«S:i;ai-^ 


^^ 


I      .        '        s  ^.i. 


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Wt^  A^ 


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TO    THE 


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5  coil 


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iad 


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I-  Hours 
Deposit. 

1 

'S    OF 


MSFACTION 


5^ 

si 

I 


KLONDIKE  DISTRICT. 


CANYON  AND  WHITE  HORSE  RAPIDS. 

At   the  foot  ot*   r^ike    IjIikIci'iuuii   portiiK^'    1    mile. 

Ou  arriving  at  tlie  head  «>r  Canyon,  land  on  the  rlgrht 
hand  side  of  river,  and  portaijre  half  your  outfit,  l^nd  on 
the  Hanie  side   l>el«»v   Canyon. 

Ou  arriving  at  the  head  of  White  I^n-Hti  lUiplds,  land 
ou  the  left  hand  side  of  the  river.  Portagfe  all  your  outfit 
aiul  clrop  your  Imat  do^vn   ^vlth   rope. 

Keep  on  the  rii^ht  hand  »lde  of  the  river  when  passing 
Five  Flutters  and   itlnk  llapids. 

liook  out  for  Rock  about  iSO  miles  from  foot  of  Littke 
Lieliargfe.      Keep  ou   rljorht  hand  side. 


,A^^ 


.^^" 


'V 


\  x 


A^<»-^< 


ALASKA  MINING  PROPERTY  CAN  BE  SECURED  AT  THE  OFFICE  0 


i  OFFICE  OF  THE  COMMERCIAL  HOTEL.      EDWARD  HOLLAND,  Prop. 


e 


Z 
< 

at 


V 

e 
o 


aaxBoagattggooaag 


WE  HAVE  THE  LARGI 
ON  THE  PACI 

WHITE 

Our  Line  of 
is  coi 

S.  N.V 

(COLUME 

718-722 


1^  A^A&^Ai^tfn  •! 


Sme 


i:/i^ 


^^y\i 


V-) 


f(k> 


u 


I  «;  »  I 


-Yifirr'  " 


III  HI  •  L 


VE  HME  THE  LARGEST  CLOTHING  ESTABLISHMENT 
ON  THE  PACIFIC  COAST  AND  EMPLOY 

i/VHITE   LABOR  ONLY 

Our  Line  of  Furnishing  Goods  and  Hats 
is  complete  in  every  detail. 

S.  N.Wood  &  Co. 

(COLUMBIAN    WOOLEN    MILLS) 

718-722  MARKET  STREET. 


416 


Smelter 


Special  atter 
Refining  Go! 


This  Comi 


Dl'rinc;    riiK  P 


SELBY 

Smelting  ^  Lead 


COMPANY 


416  MONTGOMERY  STREET, 


SAN  KliANCISCO 


r^ 


Smelters,  Refiners  and  Assayers 


■^*^-^ 


Special  attention  given  to 
Refining  Gold  Dust  and  Bullion. 


Settlement  nnade  in  24  Hours 
after  Receipt  of  Deposit. 


^     I  This  Company  has  iiandi.ki)  Larc.k  Amoixts  of 

YUKON   GOLD 

During  thk  Prksknt  Ykar,  (Wvinc.    Kntirk   Satisfaction 

TO  Dkpositors. 


Y 

iLead 


p.  H.  RBARDON 


WM.  A.  HEWITT 


'     REARDON  S  HEWITT 


Y  STREET, 


() 


id  Assayers 


in. 


iade  in  24  Hours 
2ceipt  of  Deposit. 


RCK    AmoINTS   of 

ID 

KnTI  RK     SaTISI  ACTION 


MANUFACTURERS  and 
DEAI.BR8  IN 


mmiiio  macM  aim  Sapplles 


OUR    SPECIALTIES: 

Emgiives  aivi)  Boilers 

BtJilt     In     Sections     for      Transpc -nation     u^     ttit? 

YUKON   DISTRICT. 

Estimates  Furnisbed  for  Steamers  for  River  Transportation. 


References: 
JOHN  TREADWELL  and    EDWARD   HOLLAND. 


11-13   First  Street. 

San   Francisco, 

.O  -A.  L 


TO 


p.  H.  RBARDON 


WM.  A.  HEWITT 


^V 


T 


REARDON  Sc  HEWITT 


MANUPACTURISRS  and 
DBAI/BR8  IN 


OUR    3PECfALTIES: 

EivGiMES  Alvi)  Boilers 

Built     in     Sections    for     Transpt^rtation     to    ttie 

YUKON    DISTRICT. 

Estimates  Furnished  for  Steamers  for  River  Transportation. 


The 


OFFICl 


and 


References : 
JOHN  TREADWELL  and   EDWARD   HOLLAND. 


11-13   First  Street, 

San   Francisco, 


.O  JLL 


WHICH     H 


TO    THE 


J 


YUKON  . 


AND  THE 


KLONDIKE  GOLD  FIELDS 


The  most  complete  and  reliable  work  of  its  kind  published, 

giving  in  detail 

OFFICIAL  REPORTS 

CORRECT  MAPS 

ROUTES  OF  TRAVEL 

AND  SUPPLIES  NEEDED 


an 


d  all  the  information  required  by  those  intending  to  go  to 
the   Northern  Gold   Fields 


Published  by  EDWARD  HOLLAND 

PROPRIETOR     COMMERCIAL     HOTEL 

WHICH     HAS    IIKKN    THK     HKA  i)or  ARTKKS    1-OK     Yl'KON    MINI.KS    I'OK     TKN     YI-ARS    PAST 


.*nn  Franciscn.  1807 


"^"  SAVE  YOUR  MONEY. 


Before  purchasing  your  outfit,  consult  EDWARD 
HOLLAND,  the  publisher  of  this  book.  You  will  not 
only  save  money,  but  avoid  buying*  worthless  articles 
which  will  have  to  be  discarded  on  the  route. 

A  number  of  Yukon  miners  will  leave  the  Com- 
mercial Hotel  about  the  first  of  March,  returning  to 
their  homes  on  the  Yukon.  Intending  prospectors 
should  stop  at  the  Commercial  and  join  the  party. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress  in  the  year  1897 

by 

EDWARD    HOLLAND 

In  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


MINING  PROPERTY. 


Negotiations  for  the  purchase  of  Alaska 
IViining  Claims  and  other  Property  can  be  made 
direct  with  the  miners  by  applying  to 

Edward  Holland, 

Proprietor  Commercial  Hotel. 


..'•^ 


L 


:  EDWARD 
ou  will  not 
ess  articles 
ute. 

!  the  Corn- 
et urn  ing-  to 
prospectors 
le  party. 


PREFACE. 


►f   Alaska 
be  made 


m3&«^ 


nOR  TEN  YEARS  or  more  my  relations  with  the 
miners  from  all  portions  of  Alaska  have  been 
of  the  most  friendly  characU  and  in  my 
intercourse  with  them  I  have  gathered  ^/a^h 
useful  information.  Ever  since  the  Klondike 
excitement  began  to  attract  the  attention  of 
the  world,  nearly  all  the  miners  who  came  out  have 
stopped  at  the  Commercial  Hotel.  All  the  latest 
obtainable  information  is  contained  in  this  book,  which 
has  received  the  indorsement  of  every  Yukon  miner  to 
whom   it  has   been   shown. 

Carefully  read  the  contents  of  the  book,  study  the 
maps,  and  if  you  need  further  information  I  would  be 
glad  to  supply  it. 

Respectfully, 

EDWARD    HOLLAND, 

Publisher. 

Proprietor   Commercial   Hotel, 

San    Francisco,    Cal. 
Headquarters  for    Yukon   Miners. 


AL  Hotel. 


2555V 


Pacific  N.  W.  Hlfttory  ^-rt. 

PROVINCIAL   UiBnA;<Y 
VICTORIA,  B.  G. 


EmlorsciDCDt  of  tl>e  YUKON  MINERS. 


^^jM^E.  the  undersigned  Yukon  Miners,  recently  returned  fron7,  the 
(sgI^J  Klondike  and  located  at  the  Commercial  Hotel,  desire  to  state  that 
we  have  carefully  read  the  contents  of  this  volume,  and  compare'!  it  with 
other  works  of  a  similar  character,  and  we  unhesitatingly  declare  it  to  be 
the  best  work  of  its  kind  yet  issued. 

We  consider  the  report  of  William  Ogilvie  (the  Dominion  Land 
Surveyor)  to  lie  a  most  comprehensive  descryition  of  the  Yukon  and 
Klondike  regions,  and  wish  at  the  same  time  to  speak  a  wed  of  praise 
for  all  the  officers  of  the  Canadian  Government,  wl  o  always  justly  and 
impartially  discharged  their  arduous  duties. 


Ct''^W^^t'J  , 


Ut^ 


:rs. 


from    the 

state  that 

ed  it  with 

ire  it  to  be 

lion  Land 
rukon  and 
I  of  praise 
juhtly   and 


Ji, 


i^Yx^UP^ 


i^ 


AIxASKA 


THE     L-AMD    OF=    GOLD. 


The  history  of  Alaska,  ever  since  it  catne  into  the  possession  of  the  I'niteil  States, 
lias  been  one  of  jjreat  surprises.  Almost  every  year,  when  communication  with  the 
outside  world  is  opened,  tales  of  new  wonders  find  their  waj*  into  print  and,  in  conse- 
quence, the  eyes  of  the  civilized  world  are  continually  directed  towards  that  land. 

Three  distinct  periods  mark  the  annals  of  that  countrj-.  When  that  intrepid 
navigator.  Behring,  discovered  and  explored  the  country  in  1741,  he  took  possession  of 
it  in  the  name  of  the  Czar.  It  remained  a  Russian  province  for  over  120  years,  until 
Secretary  of  State  Seward  purchased  it  in  1867  for  I7, 200,000.  This  was  regarded  as  a 
waste  of  money,  but  Seward  acted  with  an  almost  prophetic  foresight.  How  valuable 
the  country  has  liecome  since  that  time  is  known  to  the  world. 

From  the  time  it  came  to  be  a  territorj'  of  the  United  States  up  to  the  present  day- 
Alaska  has  been  a  regular  mint  of  treasure  troves.  First  her  seal  islands  and  fisheries 
commanded  attention,  and  later  her  gold  and  other  mineral  resources.  For  while  at  the 
present  dayjjold  claims  the  attention  of  most  people,  there  are  to  be  found  other  metals 
fully  as  precious  as  the  yellow  one. 

It  is  mainly  due  to  the  energy  of  John  Treadwell,  of  San  Francisco,  that  the 
world  now  knows  so  nmch  about  Alaska's  mining  resources.  For  some  years  Treadwell 
spent  his  time  in  prospecting  in  Alaska  wilds.  He  confined  his  attention  mainly  to  the 
sea  coast,  and  discovered,  during  these  trips,  the  wonderful  vein  of  gold  on  Douglas 
I.sland,  near  Juneau,  on  which  is  conducted  the  largest  quartz  mine  in  the  world. 

In  i<S83,  Treadwell  returned  to  San  Francisco  and  enlisted  capital  in  his  under- 
taking. When  he  told  capitalists  that  he  had  found  a  vein  of  gold-bearing  quartz  srx) 
feet  wide  and  of  unknown  length,  they  would  scarce  believe  him  ;  he  organized  a  Com- 
pany and  steps  were  taken  to  develop  the  mine.  Now  it  contains  a  mill  with  240 
stamps,  and  its  output  over  and  aljove  expenses  runs  from  |8o,ooo  to  |ioo,ocx)  per 
month.     There  is  enough  ore  in  sight  to  run  a  500 -stamp  null  for  twenty  years. 

Following  Treadwell's  find  on  Douglas  Island,  hundreds  of  prospectors  pu.shed 
into  Alaska  and,  following  the  rivers  and  creeks  into  the  interior,  began  to  develop  new 
fields  of  gold.  There  is  hardly  a  part  of  Alaska  where  miners  have  penetrated  but  that 
the  prospector  has  secured  paying  gold  fields.  The  Yukon  river  district,  which  is  now 
attracting  the  attention  of  the  civilized  world,  has  not  yet  been  fully  exploited.  It  is 
one  of  the  richest  placer  gold  fields  in  the  world  and  its  discovery  marks  the  third  era 
ill  the  history  of  that  territory.  For  into  the  Klondike,  Lewis,  Felly  and  Stewart  rivers 
miners  are  pushing  their  way,  digging  ovit  gold  as  they  advance.  The  riches  of  the  new 
(iolconda  have  not  yet  been  developed,  but  tales  of  wonderful  finds  that  exceed 
anything  the  world  has  ever  known  arc  reported  by  each  incoming  steamer. 


6 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


Since  Alaska  has  become  such  an  important  factor  in  the  commercial  history  of 
the  world,  it  is  not  improbable  that  the  United  States  Government  will,  at  the  next 
session  of  Congress,  give  it  the  advantages  of  a  home  government,  such  as  the  other 
territories  of  the  Union  possess.  The  people  have  demanded  it  for  years,  but  their 
hopes  are  now  nearer  realization  than  they  ever  were  before. 

At  present  the  laws  of  Oregon  are  in  force,  but  all  the  officers  are  appointed  by 
the  President.  For  years  residents  of  that  country  have  asked  that  one  of  themselves 
might  be  appointed  to  important  ofiices,  but  so  far  they  have  not  been  heeded.  The 
normal  population  of  Alaska  is  about  30,000,  but  is  increasing  rapidly  each  year.  With 
the  present  influx  it  will  reach  50,000,  and  will  probably  remain  at  that  figure  for  some 
years  to  come. 

Its  new  career  as  a  gold  producing  country  is  now  so  marked  that  many  changes 
are  liable  to  occur,  and  a  more  rapid  means  of  communication  with  the  outside  world  is 
an  imperative  demand.  Alaska  is  coming  to  the  front  as  the  land  where  the  poor  but 
hardy  man  can  carve  out  an  independent  fortune. 


Firs 
select  not 
in  the  pn 
down  the 

If 
shovel  an 

Th« 
sleigh  as ! 
and  conti 
Marsh  loi 
right  har 
water.  > 
everythiu 
same  side 


ORDER  OF  YUKON   PIONEERS. 

The  Society  was  organized  in  1893  by  the  men  who  first  braved  the  dangers  of 
the  frozen  north,  with  Jack  McQuesten  as  President.  Its  organization  grew  out  of  the 
desire  for  mutual  help  and  protection,  and  was  formed  to  closer  cement  the  bonds  of 
friendship  and  brotherly  love,  which  received  its  first  impetus  in  commonly  -  shared 
hardships  and  dangers.  "Do  unto  others  as  you  would  have  them  do  unto  you"  is 
their  motto,  and  every  precept  contained  therein  is  carried  out  to  the  letter. 

Two  lodges  of  the  Order  exist  —  one  at  Circle  City  and  the  other  at  Forty  Mile  — 
with  about  200  members. 

But  it  is  while  away  from  home  that  the  principles  of  the  Order  are  made  manifest 
and  a  practical  exemplification  given  of  the  strong  ties  that  bind  their  hearts.  Not  long 
ago  an  instance  occurred  which  seems  to  illustrate  this  point.  One  of  their  number,  broken 
in  health  and  almost  dying  from  consumption,  with  fortune  shattered  and  no  one  to  care 
for  him,  was  in  this  city.  Several  members  of  the  Society  —  R.  J.  English,  VV.  H.  McPhee, 
Gordon  C.  Bettles  and  Harry  Smith  —  were  at  the  Commercial  Hotel  at  the  time.  As 
soon  as  they  learned  of  his  condition  they  decided  that  he  should  not  want  for  anything 
as  long  as  one  of  them  had  a  dollar  in  the  world.  They  were  alx)ut  to  return  to  the 
Yukon,  and  did  not  wish  to  leave  him  uncared  for.  So  they  called  into  their  conference 
Edward  Holland,  of  the  Commercial  Hotel,  and  placed  in  his  hands  a  large  sum  of 
money,  and  told  him  if  that  was  not  enough  as  nmch  more  as  would  be  needed  would 
be  forthcoming  ;  and  they  were  true  to  their  word. 

At  another  time  one  of  their  number  was  sick  in  the  hospital,  and  one  of  the 
Pioneers,  who  was  en  route  to  his  home  in  Switzerland,  left  sufficient  for  his  support ; 
but  the  poor  fellow  died,  and  the  money  was  returned. 

One  of  til-  Yukon  Pioneers  died  in  this  city  early  in  the  year,  and  a  few  of  his 
comrades  who  were  in  the  city  arranged  for  his  funeral.  R.  J.  English  was  the  moving 
spirit  in  the  affair,  and  he  saw  that  the  man  was  decently  buried  in  the  Masonic 
cemetery,  and  caused  to  lie  erected  over  his  grave  a  plain  shaft  of  granite,  on  which 
were  inscribed  the  simple  words : 

GEORGE     McCUE, 

Native  of  Canada, 

Late  of  the  Yukon. 

And  this  is  the  spirit  that  actuates  the  hearts  of  the  true  Pioneers  of  the  Yukon. 


il  history  of 
at  the  next 
s  the  other 
s  but  their 

pointed  by 

themselves 

eded.     The 

year.     With 

re  for  some 

luy  changes 
ide  world  is 
he  poor  but 


dangers  of 
iv  out  of  the 
he  bonds  of 
)nly  -  shared 
ito  you  "  is 

orty  Mile  — 

ide  manifest 
>.  Not  long 
iber,  broken 
I  one  to  care 
H.  McPhee, 
le  time.  As 
or  anything 
eturn  to  the 
■  conference 
irge  sum  of 
«ded  would 

one  of  the 
lis  support ; 

I  few  of  his 
the  moving 
le  Ma.sonic 
,  on  which 


he  Yukon. 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


HINTS  TO    PROSPECTORS. 

First  make  up  your  mind  to  start ;  then  make  out  your  outfit,  bearing  in  mind  to 
select  nothing  but  the  best  quality  of  goods— particularly  bacon — and  have  them  packed 
in  the  proper  maimer  in  waterproof  bags,  for  they  are  liable  to  get  wet  on  the  journey 
down  the  river. 

If  you  desire  to  prospect  on  your  way  down,  you  had  belter  take  a  pick, 
shovel  and  gold  pan. 

The  best  time  of  the  year  to  start  is  about  the  month  of  March,  so  that  you  can 
sleigh  as  far  as  Lake  Bennett,  where  you  will  be  able  to  find  timber  and  build  your  boat 
and  continue  your  journey  down  the  river  to  your  destination,  .^fter  leaving  I^ake 
Marsh  look  out  for  the  Grand  Canyon,  which  is  about  25  miles  distant.  Land  on  the 
right  hand  side  and  portage  half  your  outfit,  or  whatever  goods  would  be  injured  by 
water.  Nail  canvas  over  the  forward  part  of  your  boat,  get  her  in  good  shape  ;  make 
everything  tight  (except  yourself).  Keep  cool  and  let  her  go  through,  landing  on  the 
same  side  of  the  river. 


-*W    '^Jif 

^f^f  ■H^l 

'-'m 

If*.  ;ii<* 

■'■  '■» 

•BW^^^*^ 

'■n.     ,-   _ 

-  ^^.^^lift^as*^. 

^  -^    M 

!P'W**^SW^ 

?-^S«e^., 

■    .    .ie^.   ' 

.,^        ■«» 

-    -»     C4'".' 

--•••  ->■■■ 

?*sf,TW.'^< 

-  ■■'  '^^ 

,     *^^- 

J                   . 

f       ^  ^ 

•■a 

1«n.*'^ 

^    -^  J 

f         / 

<*            ^ 

-iHf 

6?».:5-^ 

**V 

•  •* 

y .' 

/^ 

/ 

«• 

^^ 

• 

f 

»»*. 

??:'• 

r 

■•*■            *»      ^   ■^ 

1 

■r                       ■•* 

/  x 

/' 

/  / 

«*)^!Kmm0h.}^,%^**:  M»  Nataan. 

1    : 

miamiMm.    tIMiJmfhm.  «(.^t*aH«.  JaaKMf  4Mit»n.  e«|lt.Bawk«r 

.  H  River*.  J.NMcro. 

VIIKON     IMONKKKS    AT    F«)UTY  MILK. 

At  the  head  o.'  White  Horse  Rapids,  which  is  about  two  miles  from  Canyon,  land 
on  the  left  hand  side  and  portage  all  your  outfit,  and  drop  your  boat  down  with  line. 

There  is  a  rock  about  20  miles  from  foot  of  Lake  LeBarge ;  keep  on  the  right 
hand  side.  After  leaving  this  everything  is  fair  sailing  unlil  you  reach  Five  Fingers, 
which  is  about  92  miles  below  Big  Salmon  River.  You  will  observe  five  rocks  which 
obstruct  the  course  of  the  river  ;  keep  on  the  right  l:and  side  and  you  will  pass  through 
without  much  difficulty.  The  Rink  Rapids  are  alx)ut  five  miles  below  Five  Fingers,  and 
keep  on  the  right  hand  side  also.  The  river  gradually  widens  out  from  this  on,  with  a 
current  of  five  or  six  miles  an  hour,  and  is  without  any  serious  obstructions. 

Have  your  name  painted  on  your  bags  in  large  letters,  so  thai  you  can  easily 
recognize  them. 

Should  there  be  a  number  in  the  same  part}',  have  all  your  goods  shipped  at  the 
same  time,  so  they  will  be  tcgelher  and  save  confusion. 


09  tipe 


Official  l^eport 


..BY... 


WILLIAM   OGILVIE,   Dominion   Surveyor. 


The  <Hil)-  Official  Report  on  tlie  Yiil(oii  roiintry  cover!ii;ir  tlie  Kloiuiiliedi.^trtH  i.s  tliat 

made  laxt  Marcli  by  HVilliaiii  O^ilvle  to  tiie  ('Miiadtaii  Governiiieiit  aii<l  jiist 

made  public  tliroiiyh  tlie  ranadiaii  llepartmeiit  of  tlie  Interior. 


The  Yukon  district  comprises,  speaking  generally,  that  part  of  the  Northwest 
Territories  lying  west  of  the  watershed  of  the  Mackenzie  river.  Most  of  it  is  drained  by 
the  Yukon  river  and  its  tributaries.  It  covers  a  distance  of  about  650  miles  along  the 
river  from  the  coast  range  of  mountains. 

The  history  of  the  Yukon  district  within  recent  years  will  be  best  described  by  the 
following  extracts  from  the  annual  report  of  the  deputy  of  the  Minister  of  the  Interior 
for  the  year  1895: 

"In  the  year  1887  the  Hon.  Thomas  White,  then  Minister  of  the  Interior,  author- 
ized the  organization  of  an  expedition  having  for  its  object  the  exploration  of  that  region 
of  the  Northwest  Territories  of  Canada  which  is  drained  by  the  Yukon  river.  The  work 
was  intrusted -jto  PF.-<^G«orge:M^Dawsoi>i«^eW'the  ^lirec^or  of  4he  Geological  'Survey,  4tnd 
to  Mr.  William  Ogilvie,  the  well-known  explorer  and  surveyor.  Dr.  Dawson  devoted 
the  whole  of  that  season,  and  Mr.  Ogilvie  a  period  covering  nearly  two  years  covering 
topographical  and  general  information  chiefly  respecting  the  tract  of  country  lying 
adjacent  to  the  141st  meridian  of  longitude,  which  by  the  Treaty  of  St.  Petersburg,  is 
designated  by  the  boundary  line  in  the  neighborhood  of  Mt.  St.  Elias,  to  the  Arctic 
ocean  adjoining  Alaska  and  the  adjoining  possessions  of  the  British  crown  which  now 
form  part  of  the  Northwest  Territories  of  Canada.  The  explorers  found  in  proximitv 
to  the  boundary  line  there  existed  extensive  and  valuable  placer  gold  mines,  in  which 
even  then  as  many  as  300  miners  were  at  work. 

"Mr.  Ogilvie  determined  by  a  series  of  lunar  observations  the  point  at  which  the 
Yukon  river  is  intersected  by  the  141st  meridian,  and  marked  the  same  on  the  ground. 
He  also  determined  and  marked  the  point  at  which  the  western  affluent  of  the  Yukon 
known  as  Forty-Mile  creek  is  crossed  by  the  same  meridian  line,  th?»t  point  being  situated 
at  a  distance  of  about  twenty-three  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  creek.  This  survey 
proved  that  the  place  which  has  been  selected  as  the  most  convenient,  owing  to  the 
physical  conformation  of  the  region,  from  which  to  distribute  the  supplies  to  the  variou.s 
mining  camps  ;  a  place  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  Forty-Mile  creek  and  the  Yukon, 
and  to  which  the  name  of  Fort  Cudahy  has  been  given,  is  well  within  the  Canadian 
territory.  The  greater  proportion  of  the  mines  then  being  worked,  Mr.  Ogilvie  found, 
to  be  on  the  Canadian  side  of  the  international  boundary  lijie,  but  he  reported  the  exist- 
ence of  some  mining  fields  in  the  .south,  the  exact  position  of  which  with  respect  to  the 
boundary  he  did  not  have  the  opportunity  to  place. 


TO    TIIK    YUKON. 


» 


^IdS 


ti'H  is  1  hat 

<l  jlINt 


e  Northwest 
s  drained  l\v 
IS  along  the 

bribed  h3the 
the  Interior 

trior,  author- 
if  that  region 
.  The  work 
'Survey, -Mild 
son  devoted 
ars  covering 
nintry  lying 
'etersburg,  is 

0  the  Arctic 
which  now 

n  proximity 
les,  in  which 

nt  which  the 
the  ground. 
r  the  Yukon 
eing  situated 
This  survey 
wing  to  the 
5  the  various 

1  the  Yukon, 
le  Canadian 
jilvie  found, 
ed  the  exist- 
•s]iect  to  the 


A  JOURNEY  DOWN  THE  YUKON. 

Mr.  ()gil\-te  descril»es  as  follows  a  trip  down  the  Yukon  river  in  18S7:  "The  first 
news  I  received  on  landing  at  Shtlcoot  was  that  there  was  trouble  in  the  interior  on  the 
Lewes  ri\er  in  the  vicinity  where  I  intended  to  go.  A  miner  who  had  recently  arrived 
from  the  interior  state«l  that  there  had  been  a  fight  between  the  Indians  and  a  miner  at 
the  mouth  of  Stewart  river.  The  result  of  the  affair,  he  alleged,  was  that  four  Indians 
and  two  white  men  ha«l  l>een  killed,  and  that  the  Indians  had  come  up  the  river  '  s  lar 
as  the  canyons  to  lie  in  wait  for  any  white  men  who  might  l)e  going  into  the  country. 
The  rumor  seemed  to  me  to  lie  somewhat  improbable,  but,  true  or  fal.se.  it  was  an 
unpleasant  one  to  hear,  and  the  only  way  to  verify  it  was  to  go  and  see  whetlu-r  the 
Indians  were  hostile  c»r  not.  Happily  the  whole  story  proved  to  be  untrue.  I  subse- 
quently learne<l  from  the  miners  in  the  interior  that  he  had  had  difficulty  with  them,  in 
consequence  of  which  he  was  ordered  in  midwinter  to  leave  the  region,  which  the  miner-, 
consider  equivalent  to  a  sentence  of  death.  Strange  to  say,  he  succeeded  in  getting  out 
alive,  making  a  distance  of  upwards  of  500  miles  of  the  most  dangerous  and  difficult 
traveling.  He  started  in  the  month  of  February,  I  think,  and  reached  the  post  in  the 
month  of  May. 

"  It  is  said  by  those  familiar  with  the  locality  that  the  storms  which  raged  in  the 
upper  altitudes  of  the  coast  range  during  the  greater  part  of  the  time  from  ()ctol)er  t<i 
March  are  terrific.  A  man  caught  in  one  ot  them  runs  the  risk  of  losing  his  life  unle>s 
he  can  reach  shelter  in  a  short  time.  During  the  summer  there  is  nearly  always  a  win<l 
blowing  up  Chatham  stniit  and  Lynn  canal,  which  lie  in  almost  a  straight  line  with  each 
other,  and  at  the  head  of  Lynn  canal  are  Chilkat  and  Chilcoot  inlets.  The  distance  from 
the  coast  clown  these  channels  to  the  open  sea  is  aljout  380  miles.  The  mountains  on 
each  siile  of  the  water  confine  the  currents  of  air  and  deflect  inclined  currents  in  the 
direction  of  the  axis  of  the  channel,  so  that  there  is  nearly  always  a  strong  wind  blowing 
up  the  channel.  Coming  from  the  sea  this  wind  is  heavily  charged  with  moisture,  which 
is  precipitated  when  the  air  current  strikes  the  mountains,  and  the  fall  of  rain  and  snow 
is  consequently  verriieavy.  in  Chilkat  inlet  there  is  liSt  niuch  shelter  from  the  ^uth 
wind,  which  renders  it  unsafe  for  ships  calling  there. 

A  SURVEY  OVER  THE   MOUNTAINS. 

"On  the  30th  of  May  I  comtnenced  to  survey  by  connecting  Pyramid  Island  in 
Chilkat  inlet  with  Chilcoot  inlet  at  Haine's  Mission.  To  carry  the  survey  from  the 
iUand  across  to  Chilcoot  inlet  I  had  to  get  up  on  the  mountains  north  of  Haines'  Mission, 
and  from  there  could  see  l>oth  inlets.  The  survey  was  made  up  to  the  head  of  the  inlet 
on  the  'id  of  June.  Preparations  were  then  commenced  for  taking  the  supplies  and 
instruments  over  the  coast  mountains  to  the  head  ot  Lake  Lindemaii  on  the  Lewes  river. 
On  the  6th  of  June  120  Indians,  men  women  and  chiklren  started  for  the  summit.  I 
sent  two  of  my  party  with  them  to  see  the  goods  delivered  at  the  place  agreed  upon. 
While  they  were  packing  to  the  summit  I  was  producing  the  survey,  and  I  met  them  on 
the  return  at  the  foot  of  the  canyon  about  eight  miles  from  the  coast,  where  I  paid  them. 
These  Indians  are  perfectly  heartless.  They  will  not  surrender  even  the  smallest  aid  to 
each  other  without  pnyment.  and  if  not  to  eac!»  other,  nmch  less  to  a  white  man. 

"  While  going  up  to  the  head  of  canoe  navigation  on  the  Taiya  river.  I  took  the 
angles  of  the  elevatio!is  of  each  station  Iroiu  the  preceding  one.  From  these  angles  I 
have  computed  ihe  height  of  the  summit  of  the  Taiya  I'ass  above  the  head  of  canoe 
navigation  as  it  appeared  to  me  in  June  1887,  and  find  it  to  l)e  3378  feet.  What  depth  of 
snow  there  was  I  cannot  say.  The  head  of  canoe  navigation  I  estimate  at  about  120  feet 
al)ove  tide  water      1  determined  the  descent  from  the  summit  to  Lake  Lindeman  bj-  car- 


10 


TO    THE    YITKOX. 


rying  aneroids  fruiii  the  lake  to  the  suiiniiit  and  back  ugiiin,  the  interval  of  time  frotn 
start  to  return  being  about  eight  hours.  Taking  the  mean  of  the  readings  at  the  lake, 
start  and  return,  and  the  single  reading  at  the  summit,  the  height  of  the  summit  above 
the  lake  was  found  to  be  1 237  feet. 

"  While  at  Juneau  I  heard  reports  of  a  low  pass  from  the  head  of  Chilcoot  inlet  to 
the  headwatei's  of  the  Lewes  river.  During  the  time  I  was  at  the  head  of  Taiya  inlet  I 
made  inquiries  regarding  it  and  found  that  there  was  such  a  pass,  but  could  learn  nothing 
definite  about  it  from  either  whites  or  Indians. 

"The  timber  line  on  the  south  side  of  Taiya  pass,  as  determined  by  barometer 
readings,  is  about  2300  feet  above  the  sea,  while  on  the  north  side  it  is  about  1000  feet 
below  the  summit.  This  large  difference  i?  due,  I  think,  to  the  different  conditions  in 
the  two  places.  On  the  south  side  the  valley  is  narrow  and  deep,  and  the  sun  cannot 
produce  its  full  effect.  The  snow  also  is  much  deeper  there,  owing  to  the  quantity  which 
drifts  in  from  the  surrounding  mountains.  On  the  north  side  the  surface  is  sloping  and 
more  exposed  to  the  sun's  rays.  On  the  south  side  the  timber  is  of  the  claM  peculiar  to 
the  coast,  and  on  the  north  that  peculiar  to  the  interior. 

WHEN  THE  SNOW  BLINDS. 

"  Afler  completing  the  survey  down  the  lake  I  set  about  getting  my  baggage  down, 
too.  Of  all  the  Indians  who  came  to  the  summit  with  packs  only  four  or  five  could  be 
induced  to  remain  and  pack  down  to  the  lake,  although  I  was  paying  them  at  the  rate  of 
$4  per  100  pounds.  After  the  Indians  left  I  tried  to  get  down  the  stuff  with  the  aid  of 
my  two  men,  but  it  was  slavish  and  unhealth  labor,  and  after  the  first  trip  one  of  them 
was  laid  up  with  what  appearetl  to  be  inflammatory  rheumatism. 


WHIP -SAWING   LUMBER   FOR   BOATS. 


time  from 
t  the  lake, 
imit  above 

>ot  inlet  to 
liya  inlet  I 
ra  nothing 

barometer 
looo  feet 
iditions  in 
un  cannot 
itity  which 
oping  and 
Mcaliar  to 


TO    TIIK    YUKON. 


11 


"The  first  time  the  party  crossed  the  sun  was  shining  brightly,  and  thia  brought 
on  mow  blindness.  The  pain  of  this  only  those  who  have  suffered  from  this  complaint 
can  realize.  I  had  two  sleds  with  me  which  were  made  in  Juneau  especially  for  th«  work 
of  getting  over  the  mountains  and  down  the  lakes  on  the  ice.  With  these  I  succeetled 
in  bringing  about  a  ton  and  a  half  to  the  lake,  but  I  found  that  the  time  it  would  take  to 
get  all  down  in  this  way  would  seriously  interfere  with  the  programme  arranged  with 
Dr.  Dawson,  to  say  nothing  of  the  suffe.ing  of  the  men  and  myself,  and  the  liability  to 
sickness  which  protracted  physical  exertion  under  such  uncomfortable  condition*  and 
continued  suffering  from  snowblindness  exposed  us  to. 

"  Owing  to  the  prevailing  wet,  cold  weather  on  the  mountains  and  the  difficulty 
of  getting  through  the  soil  wet  snow,  the  Indians  soon  began  to  quit  work  for  a  day  or 
two  at  a  time,  and  to  gamble  with  one  another  for  the  wages  already  earned.  I  once  for 
all  made  them  distinctly  understand  that  I  would  not  pay  any  of  them  until  the  whole  of 
the  stuff  was  down.  This  done,  I  paid  them  off  and  set  about  getting  the  outfit  acres* 
the  lake,  which  I  did  with  my  own  party  ami  the  two  Peterborough  canoet  I  had  with  me. 


lage  down, 
e  could  be 
the  rate  of 
the  aid  of 
le  of  them 


^—t 


ALONG  THE  CHAIN  OF  LAKES. 

"After  getting  all  my  outfit  over  the  foot  of  Lake  Lindeman,  I  set  some  of  the 
party  to  pack  it  to  the  head  of  Lake  Bennet.  The  stream  between  these  two  lakes  was 
too  shallow  and  rough  to  admit  of  canoe  navigation,  and  everything  had  to  be  portaged 
the  greater  part  of  the  way.  I  employed  the  rest  of  the  party  in  looking  for  timber  to 
build  a  boat  to  carry  my  outfit  of  provisions  and  implements  down  the  river  to  tlie 
vicinity  of  the  international  boundary,  a  distance  of  about  700  miles. 

"  My  boat  was  finished  on  the  evening  of  the  i  ith  of  July,  and  on  12th  I  started  a 
portion  of  the  party  to  load  it  and  go  ahead  with  it  and  the  outfit  to  the  canyon.  They 
had  instructions  to  examine  the  canyon,  and  if  necessa'  carry  a  part  of  the  outfit  past 
it;  iu  any  case,  enough  to  carry  the  party  back  to  the  post  should  accident  necessitate 
such  procedure.  With  the  rest  of  the  party  I  started  to  carry  on  the  survey.  This 
proved  tedious  work  on  account  of  the  stormy  weather.  In  the  summer  months  there  is 
nearly  always  a  wind  blowing  in  from  the  coast.  It  blows  down  the  lakes  and  produces 
quite  a  heavy  swell.  This  would  not  prevent  the  canoes  going  with  the  decks  on,  but  as 
we  had  to  land  every  mile  or  so,  the  rollers  breaking  on  a  generally  flat  beach,  proved 
very  troublesome.  The  survey  v/as  completed  to  the  canyon  on  the  20th  of  July.  There 
I  found  the  party  with  the  large  boat  had  arrived  on  the  i8th,  having  carried  a  part  of 
the  supplies  past  the  canyon,  and  were  awaiting  my  arrival  to  run  through  it  with  the 
rest  in  the  boat.  Before  doing  so,  however,  I  made  an  examination  of  the  canyon.  The 
rapids  below  it,  particularly  the  last  of  the  series,  called  the  'White  Horse'  by  the 
miners,  I  found  it  would  not  be  safe  to  run.  I  sent  two  men  through  the  canyon  in  one 
of  the  canoes  to  await  the  arrival  of  the  boat,  and  to  be  ready  in  case  of  an  accident  to 
pick  us  up.  Every  man  in  the  party  was  supplied  with  a  life-preserver,  so  that  had  a 
casulty  occurred  we  would  all  have  floated.  Those  in  the  canoe  got  through  all  right, 
but  they  would  not  have  liked  to  repeat  the  trip.  They  said  the  canoe  jumped  about  a 
great  deal  more  than  they  thought  it  would,  and  I  had  the  aame  experience  going 
through  in  the  boat. 

THROUGH  THE    RAPIDS. 

"The  passage  through  is  made  in  about  three  minutes,  or  at  the  rate  of  twelve 
and  a  half  miles  an  hour.  If  the  boat  is  kept  clear  of  the  sides  there  is  not  much  danger 
in  high  water,  but  in  low  water  there  is  a  rock  in  the  middle  of  the  channel  near  the 


Itf 


TO    TIIK    VirKON. 


upper  end  of  the  canyon  that  renders  the  passage  more  difficult.  I  did  not  see  this  rock 
myself,  but  got  my  infomiation  frotn  miners  I  met  in  the  interior,  who  dei.cribed  it  as 
being  about  150  yards  down  from  the  head  and  a  little  to  the  middle  of  the  channel,  In 
low  water  it  barely  projects  alMJve  the  surface.  When  I  passed  through  there  was  uo' 
indication  of  it,  either  from  the  b;ink  or  from  the  boat.  The  distance  from  the  head  to 
the  foot  of  the  canyon  is  about  five-eighths  of  a  mile.  There  is  a  basin  about  midway  in 
it  about  150  yards  in  diameter.  This  Iwisin  is  circular  in  form,  with  steep  sloping  sides 
about  100  feet  high.  The  lower  part  of  the  canyon  is  much  rougher  to  run  through  than 
the  upper  part,  the  fall  being  apparently  much  greater. 

"  The  White  Horse  rapids  are  about  three  eighths  of  a  mile  long.  They  are  the 
most  dangerous  rapids  on  the  river  and  are  never  run  through  in  boats,  except  by  acci- 
dent. They  are  confined  by  low.  basaltic  banks,  which  at  the  foot  suddenly  close  in  and 
make  the  channel  about  thirty  yards  wide.  It  is  here  the  danger  lies,  as  there  is  a  sudden 
drop  and  the  water  rushes  through  at  a  tremendous  rate,  leaping  and  seething  like  a 
cataract. 

"The  miners  have  constructed  a  portage  road  on  the  coast  side  and  put  down  roll- 
ways  in  some  places  on  which  to  shove  their  boats  over.  They  have  also  made  some 
windlasses  with  which  to  haul  their  boats  up  hill,  notably  one  at  the  foot  of  the  canyon. 
Should  it  ever  be  necessary,  a  tramway  could  be  built  past  the  canyon  on  the  east  side 
with  no  great  difficulty.  With  the  exception  of  the  Five  Finger  rapids  these  appear  to 
be  the  only  serious  rapids  on  the  whole  length  of  the  river. 

"  Five  Finger  rapids  are  formed  by  several  islands  standing  in  the  channel  and 
backing  up  the  water  so  much  as  to  raise  it  about  a  foot,  causing  a  swell  below  for  a  few 
yards.  The  islands  are  composed  of  conglomerate  rock,  similar  to  the  cliffs  on  each  side 
of  the  river,  whence  one  would  infer  that  there  had  been  a  fall  here  in  past  ages. 


T<>    TIIK    YIKON. 


la 


•e  this  rock 
ribed  it  as 
annel.  In 
ere  was  uo 
le  head  to 
midway  in 
>ping  sides 
rough  than 

ey  are  the 
pt  by  acci- 
lose  in  and 
is  a  sudden 
ing  like  a 

down  roll- 
lade  some 
le  canyon, 
east  side 
appear  to 

»nnel  and 
'  for  a  few 
1  each  side 

es. 


WHERE  THERE    IS  PLAIN   SAILING. 

"  For  alKUit  two  niilen  Jielow  the  rapids  there  is  a  pretty  swift  current,  but  not 
enough  to  prevent  the  ascent  of  a  steamboat  of  nio<lerate  power,  and  the  rapids  them- 
•selves  I  do  not  think  would  present  any  serious  olistacles  to  the  ascent  of  a  good  lioat. 
Six  miles  lielow  these  rapids  are  what  are  known  as  Rink  rapi<ls,  which  are  simply  a 
barrier  of  rocks  extending  from  the  westerly  side  of  the  river  alwut  half  way  across. 
Over  this  barrier  there  is  a  ripple  which  would  offer  no  great  olistacle  to  the  descent  of  a 
goorl  canoe.  On  the  easterly  side  there  is  no  ripple,  and  the  current  is  smooth  and  the 
water  apparently  deep.     I  tried  with  a  six  foot  padd>e,  but  could  not  reach  the  tmttoin. 

"When  I  was  at  Forty-Mile  river  miners  v.ere  very  anxious  to  see  me,  and  to 
know  our  mining  regulation  laws.  I  explained  everything  they  inquired  alK)Ut  as  fully 
as  my  knowledge  and  the  documents  at  my  disposal  would  permit.  During  the  winter 
there  were  many  cases  of  sickness  at  Forty-Mile,  most  of  them  scurvy.  There  were 
three  deaths,  only  one  of  which  was  due  to  i-curvy. 

"  Lake  Lindeman  is  alwut  five  miles  long  and  half  a  mile  wide.  It  is  deep  enough 
for  all  ordinary  purposes.  Lake  Bennett  i!>  one  quarter  of  a  mile  long,  the  upper  por 
tion  of  which  is  one-half  of  a  mile  wide.  About  half  way  up  its  length  an  aim  comes  in 
from  the  west  which  Schwatka  has  mistaken  for  a  river,  and  has  named  Wheaton  river. 
.\  stream  which  flows  into  Lake  Bennett  at  the  southwest  comer  is  very  dirty,  and  has 
shoaled  quite  a  large  portion  of  the  lake  at  its  mouth.  The  waters  of  the  lake  empty  at 
the  extreme  northeast  angle  through  a  channel  not  more  than  loo  yards  wide,  which 
soon  expands  into  what  vSchwatka  called  Lake  Nares.  Through  this  narrow  channel 
there  is  quite  a  current,  and  more  than  seven  feet  of  water.  Lake  Nares  is  only  two 
and  a  half  miles  long,  and  its  greatest  width  is  a>>out  a  mile.  It  is  not  deep,  but  i.i  navi- 
gable for  iKjats  <lrawing  five  or  six  feet  of  water.  It  is  separated  from  Lake  Bennett  by  a 
shallow,  sautly  point  of  not  more  than  2no  yards  in  length.  Lake  Nares  flows  through 
a  narrow,  curved  channel  into  Bove  lake.  This  channel  is  not  more  than  600  or  700 
yards  long,  and  the  water  in  it  appears  sufficiently  deep  for  boats  that  could  navigate 
the  lake. 


MORE   LIKE  A  MARSH. 

"The  land  between  the  lakes  along  this  channel  is  low.  swampy,  and  covered  with 
willows,  and  at  the  stage  in  which  I  saw  it  iJi«l  not  rise  more  than  three  feet  above  the 
water.  Bove  lake,  called  Tagish  lake  by  Dr.  Dawsun,  is  about  a  mile  wide  for  the 
first  two  miles  of  its  length,  when  it  is  joined  by  what  the  miners  have  called  the  Win<ly 
Arm.  Here  the  lake  expands  to  a  width  of  about  two  miles  for  a  distance  of  about  three 
miles,  when  it  suddenly  narrows  to  alnjut  half  a  mile  for  a  distance  of  a  little  over  a  mile, 
after  which  it  widens  again  to  Hlraut  a  mile  and  a  half  more.  Ten  miles  from  the  head 
of  the  lake  it  is  joitied  by  the  Taku  arm  from  the  south.  From  the  junction  with  the 
Taku  arm  to  the  north  end  of  the  lake  the  <listance  is  about  six  miles,  the  greater  part 
being  o^r  two  miles  wide.  The  west  side  is  very  flat  and  shallow,  so  much  so  that  in 
many  places  we  could  not  get  our  canoes  to  the  shore,  and  quite  a  distance  out  in  the 
lake  there  was  not  more  than  five  feet  of  water. 

"Marsh  lake  is  a  little  over  nineteen  milts  long,  and  averages  about  two  miles  in 
width.  I'roni  the  head  of  Lake  Bennett  to  the  canyon  the  corrected  distance  is  ninetv 
five  miles,  all  of  which  is  navigabU-  for  boats  <lr,iwing  five  feet  or  more.  .\dd  to  this  the 
westerly  arm  of  Lake  Bennett,  and  the  Taknne  nr  Windy  .Ann  of  Tagish  lake,  each  about 
nueeii  miles  in  length,  and  the  Taku  arm  of  the  latter  lake  of  unknown  length,  but 
proliably  not  less  than  thirty  miles,  and  we  have  11  stn-ti-h  of  water  of  upwards  of  loo 


Jk 


14 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


miles  in  length,  all  easily  navigable,  and  as  has  l)eeii  pointed  out,  easily  connected  with 
Taiya  iniet  through  the  White  Pass.  For  some  distat  ce  below  the  White  Horse  Rapids 
the  current  is  swift  and  the  river  is  wide  with  many  gravel  bars.  The  reach  between 
these  rapids  and  Lake  La  Barge,  a  distance  of  twenty-seven  and  a  half  miles,  is  all  smooth 
water  with  a  strong  current.  The  average  width  is  about  150  yards.  There  is  no  imped- 
iment to  navigation  other  than  the  fiwift  current,  and  this  no  stronger  than  on  the  lower 
part  of  the  river,  which  is  already  navigated. 

PRESERVES  A  MEDIUM   CURRENT. 

"Lake  Le  Barge  is  thirty  miles  long.  In  the  upper  thirteen  it  varies  from  three 
to  four  miles  in  width,  then  narrows  to  about  two  miles  for  a  distance  of  seven  miles, 
when  it  begins  to  widen  again  and  expands  to  about  three  miles,  the  lower  six  miles  of 
which  maintain  that  width.  After  1  saving  Lake  Le  Barge  the  river  for  about  five  miles 
preserves  a  uniform  width  and  a  medium  current  of  about  four  miles  per  hour. 

"At  the  junction  of  the  Lewes  and  Teslintoo  rivers  I  met  two  or  three  families  of 
the  Indians  who  hunt  in  the  vicinity.  One  of  them  could  speak  a  little  Chinook.  He 
told  me  the  river  was  easy  to  ascend  and  presented  the  same  appearance  eight  days' 
journey  up  as  at  the  mouth.  He  said  it  took  four  days  when  they  had  loads  to  carry 
from  the  head  of  canoe  navigation  on  the  Teslintoo  to  salt  water  on  the  Taku  inlet. 

"  Thirty-six  and  one-quarter  miles  below  the  Big  Salmon,  the  Little  Salmon — the 
Daly  of  Schwatka — enters  the  Lewes.  This  river  is  about  sixty  yards  wide  at  the  mouth 
and  not  more  than  two  or  three  feet  in  depth. 

"  Between  Five-Finger  rapids  and  Felly  river,  fifty  eight  and  one-half  miles,  no 
streams  of  importance  enter  the  Lewes.  In  fact,  with  the  exception  of  the  Tatshun,  no 
streams  at  all  enter  it  About  a  mile  below  the  Felly,  just  at  the  ruins  of  Fort  Selkirk, 
the  \'ukon  was  found  to  be  565  yards  wide,  abjut  two-thirds  being  ten  feet  deep,  with  a 
current  of  about  four  and  three-quarter  miles  per  hour,  the  remaining  third  more  than 
half  taken  up  by  a  bar.  The  current  between  it  and  the  south  shore  is  very  slack.  Felly 
river  at  its  mouth  is  about  200  yards  wide  and  continues  this  width  as  far  up  as  can  be 
seen, 

"Below  Fort  Selkirk  the  Yukon  river  is  from  500  to  600  yards  broad,  and  maintains 
this  width  down  to  White  river,  a  distance  of  ninety-six  miles.  Islands  are  numerous,  so 
much  so  that  there  are  very  few  part?  of  the  river  where  there  are  not  oi.c  or  more  in 
sight.    Many  of  them  are  of  considerable  size,  and  nearly  all  are  well  timbered. 


THE  RIVER  OF  COLD. 

"From  Stewart  river  to  the  site  of  Fort  Reliance,  73^  miles,  the  Yukon  is  broad 
and  full  of  islands.  Six  and  one-half  miles  from  Fort  Reliance  the  Thron-diuck  river 
of  the  Indians  (Deer  river  of  Schwatka),  enters  from  the  east.  It  is  a  small  river,  about 
forty  yards  wide  at  the  mouth,  and  shallow.  The  water  is  clear  and  transparent,  and 
of  a  beautiful  blue  color.  A  miner  had  prospected  up  this  river  for  an  estimated  dis- 
tance of  forty  miles  in  the  season  of  1887.  He  said  the  current  was  comparatively 
slack,  with  an  occasional  ripple  or  small  rapid.  Twelve  and  one-half  miles  below  Fort 
Reliance  the  Chandindu  river,  aa  named  by  Schwatka,  enters  from  the  west.  It  is  thirty 
to  forty  yards  wide  at  the  mouth,  very  shallow,  and  for  half  a  mile  up  is  one  continuous 
rapid.  Between  Fort  Reliance  and  Forty-Mile  river  (called  Cone  Hill  river  by  Schwat- 
ka) the  Yukon  resumes  its  normal  appearance,  having  fewer  islands,  and  being  narrower, 
about  600  yards  wide.  Forty-Mile  river  joins  the  main  river  from  the  west  Eight  miles 
up  is  the  so-called  canyon.    It  is  hardly  entitled  to  that  distinctive  name,  being  simplya 


ected  with 
srse  Rapids 
:h  betweoa 
all  smooth 
no  imped- 
a  the  lower 


from  three 
even  miles, 
six  miles  of 
t  five  miles 
r. 

families  of 
inook.  He 
eight  days' 
ads  to  carry 
a  inlet, 
almon — the 
t  the  mouth 

ilf  miles,  no 
Tatshun,  no 
lort  Selkirk, 
deep,  with  a 
I  more  than 
ilack.  Pelly 
up  as  can  be 

1  maintains 
lumerous,  so 
or  more  in 
ed. 


on  is  broad 

-diuck  river 

river,  about 

iparent,  and 

itifnated  dis- 

mparatively 

» below  Fort 

It  is  thirty 

continuous 

by  Schwat- 

ig  narrower, 

Bight  miles 

ing  simply  • 


TO    THE    YtfKOK. 


15 


crooked  contraction  of  the  river.  It  lins  steep  rocky  banks,  and  on  the  north  side  there 
is  plenty  of  room  to  walk  along  the  beach.  At  the  lower  end  of  the  canyon  there  is  a 
short  turn  and  some  swift  water  where  there  are  some  large  rocks.  These  cannot  gener- 
ally bt  seen,  and  there  is  much  danger  of  stricking  them  when  running  down  in  a  boat. 

WHERE  LIVES  HAVE  BEEN  LOST. 

"At  this  point  several  miners  have  bsen  drowned  by  their  boats  being  upset  in 
collision  with  these  rocks.  It  is  no  great  distance  to  either  shore,  and  one  would  think 
an  ordinary  swimmer  would  have  no  great  diffiulty  in  reaching  land,  but  the  coldness  of 
the  water  soon  benumbs  the  swimmer  and  renders  him  powerless.  The  length  of  the 
so  called  canyon  is  about  a  mile.  Above  it,  the  river  up  to  the  boundary,  is  generally 
smooth,  with  a  swift  current  and  occasional  ripple.  From  Forty-Mile  river  to  the 
boundary  the  Yukon  preserves  the  same  general  cliaracler  as  between  Fort  Reliance  and 
Forty-mile,  the  greatest  width  being  about  half  a  mile  and  the  least  about  a  quarter. 
Between  Forty-Mile  rivr  and  the  boundary  line  no  stream  of  any  size  joins  the  Yukon. 
In  fact,  th^ire  is  only  one  stream  which  some  of  the  miners  have  named  Sheep  creek,  but 
as  there  is  another  stream  down  the  river  by  the  same  name,  I  have  named  it  Coal  creek. 

"From  Stewart  river  to  the  mouth  of  the  Yukon  is  about  i,6oo  miles,  and  the  only 
difficult  place  in  all  this  distance  is  a  point  near  the  confluence  of  the  Porcupine,  which 
has  evidently  been  a  lake  in  the  past  ages. 


CAHPLNO    ON    LAKE    LeBARGE. 


HOW  GOLD    IS  TAKEN   OUT, 

"Sluicing  is  alw.     .  employed  when  possible.     It  requires  a  good  supply  of  water 
•with  sufficient  head  or  fall.    The  process  is  as  follows:     Planks  are  procured  and  formed 


1(( 


TO    TH*]    YlMiON. 


into  a  box  of  suitable  width  and  depth.  Slats  are  fixed  across  the  bottom  of  the  box  at 
suitable  intervals,  or  shallow  holes  bored  in  the  bottom  in  such  order  that  r,o  particles  could 
run  along  the  bottom  in  a  straight  line  and  escape  without  running  over  a  hole.  Several  of 
these  boxes  are  then  set  up  with  a  considerable  slope,  and  are  fitted  into  one  another  at  the 
ends  like  a  ^lovepipe.  A  stream  of  water  is  directed  into  the  upper  end  of  the  highest 
box.  The  gravel  having  been  collected,  it  is  shoveled  into  the  upper  box  and  washed 
downward  by  the  strong  current  of  water.  The  gold  is  retained  by  its  weight,  and  is 
held  by  the  slats  or  in  the  holes  mentioned. 

CuDAHY,  June  lo,  1896. 

"  After  my  return  there  was  some  fine,  clear  weather  in  January,  but  it  was  exceed- 
ingly cold,  more  than  60  degrees  below  zero,  one  night  68  degrees,  and  as  I  had  both  my 
ears  pretty  badly  frozen  and  could  not  go  out  in  such  cold  without  having  them  covered 
so  that  I  could  not  hear  the  chronometer  beat,  I  could  not  observe  until  the  end  of  the 
month,  when  we  had  two  fine  nights,  the  29th  and  30th,  mild  enough  for  me  to  work. 

"  Transporting  our  outfit  from  jamp  to  camp  was  often  a  very  hard  task,  as  the 
hills  were  so  steep  everything  had  to  be  packed  up  them,  which  in  the  deep,  soft  snow 
was  anything  but  easy. 


I 


If 
I 


THE   FIRST  OF  KLONDIKE. 

CuDAHY,  September  6,  1896. 

"  I  am  very  much  pleased  to  be  able  to  inform  you  that  a  most  important  discovery 
of  gold  has  been  made  on  a  creek  called  Bonanza  creek,  an  affluent  of  the  river  known 
here  as  the  Klondyke.  It  is  marked  on  the  map  extant  as  Deer  river  and  joins  with  the 
Yukon  a  few  miles  above  Fort  Heliance. 

"The  discovery  was  made  by  G.  W.  Cormack,  who  worked  with  me  in  1887  on 
the  coast  range.  The  indications  are  that  it  is  very  rich — indeed,  the  richest  yet  found, 
and  as  far  as  work  has  been  carried  on,  it  realizes  expectations.  It  is  only  two  weeks 
since  it  was  found,  and  already  300  claims  are  staked  out;  it  and  its  branches  are  con- 
sidered good  for  400  claims. 

"There  are  two  other  creeks  above  it  which  are  confidently  expected  are  'real 
good  pay.'  If  so,  we  have  over  Soo  claims  on  this  river  which  will  require  2,000  men  or 
over  for  their  proper  working.  Between  Thron-Duick  river  and  Stewart  river  a  large 
creek  called  Indian  creek  flows  into  the  Yukon,  and  rich  prospects  have  been  found  on 
it,  and  no  doubt  it  is  in  the  gold-bearing  country  between  the  Thron-Duick  and  Stewart 
rivers  that  is  considered  by  all  the  old  miners  the  best  that  has  yet  been  found.  Scores 
of  them  would  prospect  it  but  for  the  fact  that  they  cannot  get  provisions  up  there,  and 
it  is  too  far  to  boat  them  up  from  here  in  small  boats.  News  has  just  arrived  from 
Bonanza  creek  that  three  men  worked  out  $75  in  four  hours  the  other  day,  and  a  $12 
nugget  has  been  found,  which  c'^cures  the  character  of  the  ground,  namely,  coarse  gold 
and  plenty  of  it.  As  three  times  this  can  be  done  with  sluice  boxes,  you  can  fancy  the 
excitement  here.  It  is  claimed  that  from  $100  to  $500  a  day  can  be  made  off  the  ground 
that  has  been  prospected  so  far. 

"  I  cannot  here  enter  into  the  reasons  for  it,  but  I  unhesitiUinglv  make  the  asser- 
tion that  this  corner  of  our  Territory  from  the  coast  strip  down  and  from  the  141st 
meridian  eastward  will  l)e  found  to  be  a  fairly  rich  and  very  extensive  mining  region. 

■'  \s  I  have  already  intimated,  rich  placers  of  gold  were  discovered  on  the  branches 
of  this  stream,  the  Thron-Duick.  A  white  man  named  George  VV.  Cormack,  who  worked 
with  me  in  1^87,  was  the  first  to  take  advantage  of  the  rumors  and  locr.te  a  claim  on  the 
first  branch,  which  was  named  by  the  miners  Bonanza  creek.  As  he  was  very  short  of 
appliances  he  could  only  put  together  a  very  defective  apparatus  to  wash  the  gravel 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


17 


f  the  box  at 
rticles  could 
;.  Several  of 
lother  at  the 
the  highest 
and  washed 
ight,  and  is 


with.  The  gravel  itself  he  had  to  c&rry  in  a  box  from  thirty  to  loo  feet  on  his  back. 
Notwithstanding  this,  with  three  men  working  very  irregularly,  he  washed  out  |i,2oo  in 
eight  days.  On  the  same  creek  two  men  rocked  out  $75  in  about  four  hours,  and  it  is 
asserted  that  two  men  in  the  same  creek  took  out  |4,ooo  in  two  days  with  only  two 
lengths  of  sluice-boxes.  A  few  miles  farther  up  Bear  creeks  enters  the  Thron-Duick. 
and  it  has  been  prospected  and  located  on.  Compared  with  Bonanza  it  is  small  and  will 
not  afford  more  than  twenty  or  thirty  claims,  it  is  said. 


e  10,  1896. 

was  exceed- 

lad  both  my 

liem  covered 

end  of  the 

to  work. 

task,  as  the 

p,  soft  snow 


ler  6,  1896. 
nt  discovery 
river  known 
•ins  with  the 

^  in  1887  on 
st  yet  found, 
ly  two  weeks 
hes  are  con- 
ed are  'real 
2,000  men  or 
river  a  large 
en  found  on 

and  Stewart 
mil.  Scores 
ip  there,  and 
irrived  from 
ty,  and  a  |i2 

coarse  gold 
an  fancy  the 
f  the  ground 

ce  the  asser- 
•m  the  141st 
ig  region, 
the  branches 
who  worked 
;laim  on  the 
'ery  short  of 
11  the  gravel 


A  PROPHET  AND  EXPLORER. 

"From  all  this  we  may,  I  think,  infer  that  we  have  here  a  district  which  will  give 
1,000  claims  of  500  feet  in  length  each.  Now,  1,000  such  claims  will  require  at  least  3,000 
men  to  work  them  properly,  and  as  wages  for  working  in  the  niir.es  are  from  $8  to  |io 
per  day,  without  board,  we  have  every  reason  to  assume  that  this  fHrt  of  our  territory  will 
within  a  year  contain  10,000  people,  for  the  news  has  gone  out  to  the  coast  and  an  unpre- 
cedented influx  is  expected  next  spring. 

"  (Note. — A  feature  of  this  year's  immigration  is  that  it  includes  many  women  and 
children.  The  correspondent  of  a  Western  paper,  writing  from  the  Chilkoot  Pass  at  the 
beginning  of  last  month,  says:  '  To  go  aleng  the  trail  one  would  think  the  people  were 
bound  for  a  farming  country.  There  are  horses,  cows,  wheelbarrows,  three  mowing 
machines,  coops  of  chickens,  etc.') 

"And  this  is  not  all,  for  a  large  creek,  called  Indian  creek,  joins  the  Yukon  about 
midway  between  Thron-Duick  and  Stewart  rivers,  and  all  along  this  creek  good  pay  has 
been  found.  All  that  has  stood  in  the  way  of  working  it  heretofore  has  been  the  scarcity 
of  provisions  and  the  difficulty  of  getting  them  up  there  even  when  here. 

"  Good  quartz  has  been  found  in  places  just  across  the  line  on  Davis  creek,  but  to 
what  extent  is  unknown,  as  it  is  in  the  bed  of  the  creek,  and  covered  with  gravel.  Good 
quartz  is  also  reported  on  the  hills  around  Bonanza  creek,  but  of  this  I  will  be  able  to 
speak  more  fully  after  my  proposed  survey. 

"  When  it  was  fairly  established  that  Bonanza  creek  was  rich  in  gold,  which  took 
a  few  days,  for  Thron-Duick  had  been  prospected  several  times  with  no  encouraging 
result,  there  was  a  great  rush  from  all  over  the  country  adjacent  to  Forty-Mile.  The 
town  was  almost  deserted.  Men  who  had  been  in  a  chronic  state  of  drunkenness  for 
weeks  were  pitched  into  boats  as  ballast,  and  taken  up  to  the  new  country  and  staked 
claims  for  themselves  and  their  friends,  in  order  to  be  in  time. 


»    *    « 


TAKE  YOUR  OWN   CANOE. 

••Any  man  sent  in  for  survey  purposes  will  require  to  bring  a  good  canoe  with 
him,  say  19  feet  long,  44  inches  wide  and  18  to  20  inches  deep.  Such  a  canoe  will  bring 
in  five  or  six  men  and  a  stock  of  provisions  for  the  trip.  A  party  crossing  the  summit 
early  in  June  would  just  about  find  the  lake  open  for  the  run  down. 

"  You  might  warn  any  such  party  that  they  had  better  run  no  risk  at  the  canyons 
White  Horse  and  Five  Fingers.  The  canyon  is  not  dangerous,  but  there  is  a  good  por- 
tage passage.  The  rapids  between  it  and  the  White  Horse  are  rough  in  high  water,  but 
with  care  are  safe.  A  great  many  large  boats  run  the  White  Horse,  but  most  of  them 
take  more  or  less  water ;  many  fill  altogether,  and  the  owners  are  often  drowned.  In 
any  case  they  lose  all  their  effects  if  they  do  escape.  A  carofnl  estimate  of  those 
drowned  in  1895  places  the  number  at  13,  a  large  percentage,  I  think,  of  those  who  tried 
it.     The  Five  Fingers  are  at  some  stages  of  the  water  uncertain. 


18 


TO    TlIK     VrKOX, 


"In  the  course  of  a  year  I  believe  coal  will  supersede  wood  for  fuel,  which  will 
relieve  the  demand  as  far  as  towns  and  villages  are  concerned,  hut  mining  interests  will 
require  a  lot  of  fuel  where  coal  cannot  l)e  taken.  There  have  lieen  several  applications 
for  land  in  the  vicinity  of  the  mouth  of  the  Thron-Duick,  and  Inspector  Constantine 
has  selected  a  reserve  for  Government  purposes  at  the  confluence  of  that  stream  with  the 
Yukon,  40  acres  in  extent. 

MANY  RICH  CLAIMS  FOUND. 

"  Uefore  closing,  I  may  say  that  every  report  that  comes  in  from  Bonan/.a  creek  is 
more  encouraging  than  the  last.  Prospecting  has  only  begun,  and  up  to  date  of  mailing, 
November  22d,  very  rich  claims  have  been  found.  From  $1  to  the  pan  of  dirt  up  to  J12 
are  reported;  and  no  bedrock  found  yet.  This  means  from  f  1,000  to  Ji 2,000  per  day  per 
man  sluicing.  The  excitement  is  intense,  but  at  this  season  of  the  year  it  is  naturally 
very  local. 

Cud  AH  Y,  December  9,  1896. 
"  Since  my  last  the  prospects  on  Bonanza  creek  are  increasing  in  richness  and 
extent,  until  now  it  is  certain  that  millions  will  be  taken  out  of  the  district  in  the  next 
few  years.  On  some  of  the  claims  prospected  the  pay  dirt  is  of  great  extent,  and  very 
rich.  One  man  told  me  yesterday  that  he  washed  out  a  single  pan  of  dirt  on  one  of  the 
claims  in  Bonanza,  and  found  $14.75  '"  't.  Of  course  that  may  be  a  very  rich  pan,  but 
$5  to  $7  to  the  pan  on  an  average  on  that  creek  is  reported.  There  is  five  feet  of  pay 
dirt,  and  the  width  yet  undetermined.  But  it  is  known  to  be  30  feet.  Even  at  that, 
figu.e  the  result:  9  to  10  pans  to  the  cubic  foot,  and  500  feet  long — nearly  $4,000,000  at  $5 
a  j^an. 

ALL  GOING  TO  KLONDIKE. 

CuDAHY,  January  11,  1897. 
"Reports  from  the  Thron-Duick  region  are  still  very  encouraging,  so  much  so  that 
all  the  other  creeks  around  are  practically  abandoned,  especially  those  on  the  head  of 
Forty  Mile  in  American  territory.  Nearly  100  men  have  made  their  way  up  from  Circle 
City,  many  of  them  hauling  their  sleds  themselves.  Those  who  cannot  get  claims  are 
buying  on  those  already  located.  Men  cannot  be  got  to  work  for  love  or  money,  and 
development  is  consequently  slow.  One  dollar  and  a  half  per  hour  is  the  wages  paid  the 
few  men  who  have  to  work  for  hire,  and  work  as  many  hours  as  they  like.  Some  of  the 
claims  are  so  rich  that  every  night  a  few  pans  of  dirt  suffice  to  pay  the  hired  help  when 
there  is  any.  .-Vs  high  as  $204  has  been  reported  to  a  single  pan,  but  this  is  not  generally 
credited.  Claim  owners  are  now  reticent  about  what  they  get,  so  you  can  hardly  credit 
anvthing  you  hear.  But  one  thing  is  certain,  we  have  one  of  the  richest  mining  areas 
ever  found,  with  a  fair  prospect  that  we  have  not  discovered  its  limits.  A  quartz  lode 
showing  free  gold  in  paying  quantities  has  l)een  located  on  one  of  the  creeks,  but  I  can- 
not learn  the  particulars.  I  am  cojifident  from  the  nature  of  the  gold  found  in  the 
creeks  that  many  more  of  them,  and  rich,  too,  will  be  found. 

January  23,  1897. 
"I  have  just  heard  from  a  reliable  source  that  the  quartz  mentioned  above  is  rich, 
as  tested,  over  |ioo  to  the  ton.  The  lode  appears  to  run  from  two  to  eight  feet  in  thick- 
ness, and  is  about  19  miles  from  the  Yukon  river.  Placer  prospects  continue  more  and 
more  encouraging  and  extraordinary.  It  is  beyond  doubt  that  three  pans  on  El  Dorado 
creek  turned  out  $204,  $212,  $216.  but  it  must  be  Ijoriie  in  mind  that  there  were  only 
three  such  pans,  though  there  are  many  running  from  |8  to  I50." 


TO    TlIK    Yl'KON. 


Ill 


el,  which  will 

interests  will 

1  applications 

Constantine 

ream  with  the 


laiiza  creek  is 
ite  of  mailing, 
dirt  up  to  $12 
X)  per  day  per 
t  is  naturally 

iber  9,  1896. 

richness  and 
t  in  the  next 
;ent,  and  very 
on  one  of  the 
rich  pan,  but 
e  feet  of  pa}- 
Kven  at  that, 
4,000,000  at  $5 


NO  PLACE  FOR  FARMERS. 

"  The  agricultural  capabilities  of  the  country  along  the  river  are  not  great,  nor  is 
the  land  which  can  be  seen  from  the  river  of  good  quality.  My  meteorological  record 
shows  over  8  degrees  of  frost  on  the  ist  of  August,  over  10  on  the  3d,  and  four  times 
during  the  month  the  Jiiininium  temperature  was  below  freezing.  On  the  13th  of  Sep- 
tember the  minimum  temperature  was  15  degrees,  and  all  the  minimum  readings  for  the 
remainder  of  the  month  were  below  freezing. 

"It  is  difficult  to  form  an  estimate  of  the  total  area  of  agricultural  land,  but  it 
certainly  bears  a  '■•.  11  proportion  to  the  remainder  of  the  country.  Without  the  dis- 
covery and  dev«  opment  of  large  mineral  wealth,  it  is  not  likely  that  the  slender  resources 
in  agriculture  of  this  region  will  ever  attract  attention,  at  least  until  better  parts  of  our 
territories  are  crowded.  In  the  event  of  such  discovery,  some  of  the  land  might  be  used 
for  the  production  of  vegetable  produce  for  the  miners,  but  even  in  that  case,  with  the 
transportation  facilities,  it  is  very  difficult  and  could  not  compete  profitably  with  the 
sjuth  and  east. 

"The  amount  of  timber  for  use  in  building  and  manufacture  in  the  district  along 

the  river  is  not  at  all  important.     There  is  a  lage  extent  of  forests  that  could  be  used  for 

firewood,  and  for  timber  in  mining,  but  for  the  manufacture  of  lumber  there  is  very 

little. 

"  The  only  mining  done  on  Stewart  river  was  on  the  bars  in  the  river.     The  bench 

and  bank  bars  were  all  frozen  up,  so  that  to  work  them  would  entail  a  resort  to  hydraulic 

mining,  for  which  there  was  no  machinery  in  the  country.     Forty  Mile  river  is  the  only 

river  in  the  district  on  which,  up  to  the  fall  of  1S88,  coarse  gold  had  been  found,  and  it 

may  be  said  that  much  of  it  can  hardly  claim  that  distinctive  title.     The  largest  nugget 

found  was  worth  about  I39. 


ary  11,  1897. 
I  much  so  that 
1  the  head  of 
up  from  Circle 
fet  claims  are 
ir  money,  and 
vages  paid  the 
Some  of  the 
ed  help  when 
not  generally 
hardly  credit 
mining  areas 
^.  quartz  lode 
■ks,  but  I  can- 
fonnd   in  the 

iry  23,  1897. 
above  is  rich, 
feet  in  thick- 
me  more  and 
on  El  Dorado 
ere  were  only 


rHII.DKKN  WITH  l>0<i  TKAM    .\T    CIKCLK    CITY. 


20 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


TOM   O'BRIEN'S  REMARKABLE  JOURNEY. 

The  first  official  report  of  the  discoveries  in  the  Klondike  district  and  its  tribu  - 
taries  was  received  early  in  March,  1897,  in  San  Francisco.  Thos.  M.  O'Brien,  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  the  Yukon,  was  the  first  man  who  electrified  the  world  by  the  news. 
He  made  a  most  remarkable  trip,  showing  a  wonderful  endurance  and  strength  to 
withstand  suffering  and  exposure.  He  left  Circle  City  early  in  the  year  and,  with  two 
men  and  a  team  of  six  dogs,  forced  his  way  to  communication  with  the  outside  world. 
He  brought  out  the  Canadian  mail  and  the  official  report  of  Surveyor  Ogilvie,  and 
realizing  that  the  contents  of  the  letters  that  he  carried  contained  cheering  information 
to  hundreds  of  waiting  relatives,  nothing  was  too  bad  to  stop  his  onward  march.  He 
made  an  average  of  thirty -one  miles  a  day  — a  remarkable  feat  when  one  considers  the 
dangers  and  difficulties  he  had  to  encounter.  O'Brien  is  one  of  the  leading  traders  in 
the  Yukon  River  Valley  and  is  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  that  region. 


TOM    O'BKIKN'S    DOG    TKAM. 

THE   PLACERS. 

The  story  of  the  wonderful  placers  in  the  vast  Yukon  district  has  been  so  often 
told  that  it  seems  unnecessary  to  attempt  any  detailed  description  of  that  region. 
Indeed,  it  is  impossible  to  do  so  in  less  space  than  a  good-sized  volume  would  afford. 
Gold  was  first  discovered  near  the  trading  post  of  Forty  Mile,  and  in  the  spring  of  1888 
the  first  real  mining  operations  in  that  region  were  commenced.  Since  that  time 
thousands  have  entered  the  great  valley  and  many  splendid  fortunes  have  been  taken 
out  of  the  gravel  beds  and  bars  of  the  hundreds  of  tributaries  to  the  great  Yukon  river, 
and  its  possibilities  may  not  yet  be  estimated. 

The  Yukon  river,  from  the  confluence  of  the  Lewis  and  Pelly  to  its  mouth,  is 
2,044  miles  in  length,  and  is  navigable  throughout  for  flat  -  bottomed  steamers  of  400  or 
500  tons.  It  is  60 ■miles  wide  at  its  mouth,  although  very  shallow  there;  it  drains 
600,000  square  miles  of  territory  and  discharges  more  water  than  does  the  Mississippi. 
Its  delta  extends  far  out  into  Norton  sound,  and  deep  -  water  vessels  can  approach  no 
nearer  its  mouth  than  St.  Michaels,  situated  on  an  island  of  the  same  name  lying  90 
miles  north  of  the  river  mouth.  St.  Michaels  is  the  transfer  point  for  all  passengers  and 
freight  from  the  ocean  to  the  river  Iwats. 


TO    TIIK     VI  IvON. 


21 


EY. 

and  its  tribu  - 
Brien,  one  of 
by  the  news. 

strength  to 
nd,  with  two 
utside  world. 
Ogilvie,  and 

information 

march.     He 

considers  the 

iig  traders  in 


ON   THE  YUKON. 

There  are  but  two  practical  routes  to  these  placers.  Two  lines  of  steamers  afford 
means  of  transportation — entirely  by  water  —  from  San  Francisco  and  Seattle  via  St. 
Michaels,  and  by  river  boats  to  points  adjacent  to  the  diggings.  The  main  objection  to 
this  route  lies  in  the  fact  that  by  the  time  it  is  possible  to  pass  up  the  river  to  the  mines 
the  season  has  so  far  advanced  that  little  or  nothing  can  be  accomplished  before 
winter  severities  force  a  suspension  of  operations  ;  thus,  practically,  the  season  is  lost  to 
the  prospecto.-. 

Distance  from  San  Francisco  to  Kiondil<a  via  St.  Michaels. 

To  St.  Michaels 2850  miles 

"    Circle  City 4350     " 

"    Forty  Mile 4600     " 

"    Klondike 4650     " 

The  route  chosen  by  all  but  a  very  small  percentage  of  those  going  itito  the 
Yukon  country,  and  more  particularly  by  those  who  are  thoroughly  posted  and 
experienced,  is  that  known  as  the  Chilkoot  pass,  and  by  this  they  are  able  to  reach  the 
diggings  far  ahead  of  any  others,  saving  a  great  portion  of  the  working  season.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  this  is  practically  the  only  route  to  the  Yukon,  being  the  shortest, 
quickest  and  cheapest.  The  start  over  this  route  is  made  from  Dyea.  The  first  hundred 
miles  is  accomplished  by  steam  navigation  from  Juneau  to  Dyea ;  the  next  stage  is 
made  by  canoe  and  sleigh,  or  if  preferred,  by  pack  train  twenty  -  seven  miles  to  Lake 
Linderman,  where  boats  are  built  in  which  the  down  stream  journey  is  continued  to 
completion.  The  distances  from  Juneau  to  the  various  points  along  the  route  are 
shown  in  the  following  table,  which  is  compiled  from  Ogilvie's  survey  as  far  as  it  has 
been  completed,  the  remaining  distances  according  to  the  best  attainable  authorities. 


been  so  often 
that  region, 
would  afford, 
pring  of  1888 
ce  that  time 
i^e  been  taken 
Yukon  river, 

its  mouth,  is 
ners  of  400  or 
;re ;  it  drains 
e  Mississippi. 

approach  no 
ame  lying  90 
assengers  and 


Distance  from  San  Francisco  to  Kiondil<e  via  Juneau  (overland. 

To  Juneau  (by  steamer) 1680  miles 

Juneau  to  Chilcat 80     " 

"  Dyea loo      " 

"  Head  of  canoe  navigation 106     " 

"  Summit  of  Chilkoot  Pass 114^4  " 

"  Head  of  Lake  Linderman I23'4  " 

"  Foot  of  Lake  Lindernia:i 1271/2" 

"  Head  of  Lake  Bennett i28>^  " 

Foot  of  Takish  Lake I73'4  " 

"  Head  of  Lake  Marsh 178'+  " 

"  Head  of  Canyon 223      " 

"  Head  of  White  Horse  Rapids 225 '4  '' 

"  Tahkeena  River 240     " 

"  Head  of  Lake  LeHarge 256      " 

"  Foot  of  Lake  LeBarge 284 

"  Hootalinqua  River 316 

"  Big  Salmon  River 349 

"  Little  Salmon   River 3S5''i" 

"  Five  Fingers  Rapids 444      " 

"  Rink  Rapids 450     " 

"  Felly  River 503'i" 


22 


TO    THK    YIKON. 


Distance  from  San  Francisco  to  Klondike  via  Juneau    overland  -  (««/"/«?</. 

Juneau  to  White  River 599'^  miles 

"  Stewart  River 609 

"  Sixty  Mile  Post 629         " 

Klomlike 678 

"  Forty  Mile  Post 728 

Circle  City 89S 

Forty  Mile  to  Diggings  at  Miller  Creek 70         " 

Circle  City  to  Diggings  at  Birch  Creek 50 

Klondike  to  Diggings. 5         " 


WHEN    TO    START. 

Parties  should  start  from  Juneau  about  the  middle  of  March,  as  thej'  can  then  do 
their  own  transporting  on  sleighs  across  the  summit  and  down  the  lakes  to  where  good 
timber  for  boat  building  is  to  be  found,  and  the  start  down  the  river  made  when  the  ice 
breaks,  which  is  much  earlier  than  on  the  lakes,  an«l  the  mines  may  be  reached  a  month 
sooner  than  if  the  boats  are  built  on  the  lakes  and  a  wait  made  for  the  ice  to  break 
there.  Four  or  five  men  should  compose  each  party,  as  one  tent,  stove,  set  of  tools, 
etc.,  will  suffice  for  all.  One  of  the  party  should  have  a  knowledge  of  boat  building, 
for  it  is  an  absolute  necessity  that  the  craft  should  be  staunch  and  substantial.  The 
double  ended  batteau  is  the  pattern  ordinarily  preferred,  though  the  plain  scow  of  good 
depth  is  more  easily  built  and  can  be  depended  upon.  No  man  should  attempt  the 
journey  alone. 

THE   IDEAL  YUKON  OUTFIT 

NECESS.\RY     FOR     ONE     MAN     FOR     ONE     MONTH. 

Nothing  can  be  of  so  great  importance  as  the  selection  of  an  outfit,  and  it  is 
surprising  to  know  what  a  very  small  difference  in  quality  or  fashion  of  its  components 
distinguishes  the  really  excellent  outfit  from  that  which  is  absolutely  valueless  for  the 
purpose  intended.     Too  much  stress  cannot  be  laid  upon  this  all  -  important  point. 

Just  what  constitutes  an  outfit  cannot  well  be  determined  without  accurate  know- 
ledge of  what  seem  to  be  unimportant  matters.  A  party  provided  with  a  Yukon  outfit 
would  find  itself  at  a  loss  to  proceed  to  Cook's  inlet,  while  every  section  has  its  own 
peculiar  demands  to  be  provided  for.  In  the  matter  of  provisions  the  following  is 
suggested  : 

20  lbs.  Flour,  with  Baking  Powder  5  lbs.  Sugar 


12 
5 
5 
5 
6 

5 
4 


Bacon 

Corn  Meal 

Rice 

Oatmeal 

Beans 

Dried  Fruit 

Butter 


I  ••  Tea 

3  "  Coffee 

4  "  Corn  Beef  iCans) 
4  •'  Roast  Beef  (Cans) 
4  "  Mutton  (Cans) 

3  "  Vegetables  (Evaporated) 

4  cans  Milk 


Smoked  Beef,  Extract  Beef,  Salt,  Pepper,  Mustard,  Matches,  Soap. 


COOKING 

I  Yukon  Stove 
I  Frying  Pan 
I  Water  Kettle 

1  Bean  Pot 

2  Plates 


UTENSILS. 

I   Drinking  Cup 

I  Tea  Pot 

I  large  and  i  small  Cooking  Pan 

I   Knife  and  F'ork 

I  Tent  Sx  10 


(  ontiiiued. 


TO    TlIK     Yl  Kt)X. 


38 


can  then  do 

where  good 

when  the  ice 

hed  a  month 

ice  to  break 

,  set  of  tools, 

oat  building, 

tantial.     The 

scow  of  good 

attempt  the 


tfit,  and  it  is 
s  components 
lueless  for  the 
t  point, 
curate  know- 

Yukon  outfit 
1  has  its  own 

following  is 


0 

jorated) 
p. 


king  Pan 


TOOLS  FOR   BOAT  BUILDING. 

I  Whip  Saw  I   Hatchet 

I   Rip  Saw 

I   Hand  Saw 

I  Jack   Plane 

I   Draw  Knife 

I  Axe 


I   Pocket  Rule 
6  lbs.   .\.s.sorted  Nails 
3     "     Oakum 
5     "     Pitch 
150  feet  ;Vs  Rope 


CLOTHING. 


I  Fur  Robe  or  2  pairs  Blankets 

I  pair  Cragk  -proof  Hip  Boots 

I   Mackinaw 

6  yds.   Mosquito  Netti   g 

I  pair  Snow  Glasses 


I   Rubber  Blanket 

Heavy  Woolen  Underwear 
I  Winchester  Rifle 

Medicine 

Towels 


This,  of  course,  can  be  somewhat  varied,  and  a  simple  process  of  multiplication 
will  determine  the  amounts  necessary  for  larger  parties  and  for  longer  i)eriods, 
remembering  always  that  too  much  of  any  or  all  these  articles  will  never  come  amiss, 
while  a  too  scanty  supply  may  bring  about  hardship.  Enough  should  be  taken  to  cover 
unforeseen  delays,  which  may  occur  at  any  time  by  reason  of  changes  in  the  weather  or 
any  of  a  hundred  different  causes.  While  it  is  very  desirable,  and  indeed  necessary, 
that  nothing  l>e  taken  on  a  prospecting  trip  which  shall  at  all  unnecessarily  hinder, 
ilelay  or  impede  progress,  it  is  still  true  that  every  spring  finds  the  Yukon  region  with 
scanty  supplies,  and  it  is  a  very  wise  plan  for  parties  to  take  in  with  tliein  every  ounce 
of  provisions  which  it  is  possible  for  them  to  carry,  even  if  the  outfit  has  to  be  curtailed 
in  other  directions  to  permit  it. 


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'-'«  TO    TIIK    YTKON. 


THE   LENGTH   OF  THE  STAY. 

Little  I'lm  be  accomplished  in  less  than  three  years  stay  in  the  Yukon  country, 
unless  in(lee<l  marvelous  Kood  luck  attends  one's  footsteps.  A  ffotxl  part  of  the  first 
season  will  he  consumed  in  reaching  the  mines;  then,  even  if  u  claim  be  at  once 
discovered  and  located,  only  preliminary  work  can  be  done  ;  the  seconil  year  the  claim 
can  be  well  opened  up  and  probably  some  money  made  ;  the  third  year  generally 
renders  the  promised  returns. 

THE    NECESSARY    FUNDS. 

1  would  advi.se  no  man  to  make  the  start  to  the  Yukon  basin  with  less  than  |5i» 
after  he  has  purchased  the  outfit  which  he  intends  shall  carry  him  through  to  the 
mines.  The  road  is  long,  supplies  are  costly,  seasons  are  short  and  Fortune  is  fickle; 
failure  to  fintl  gold  the  first  season  entails  great  hardship  upon  those  whose  funds  at  the 
.start  are  iu.sufficient,  for  not  one  in  a  hundred  makes  a  strike  the  first  season,  and  the 
trading  comp.inies  doing  business  in  the  interior  refuse  absolutely  to  give  credit  as  their 
goods  find  a  quick  market  at  spot  cash,  and  their  supply  is  invariably  behind  the 
demand. 


HOW  TO   PROSPECT. 

The  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  tells  editorially  how  a  tenderfoot  who  doesn't 
know  dolomite  from  a  mule  track  should  Imnt  for  gold  when  he  gets  up  there  in  a  wild 
gold-hearing  region,  humlreds  of  miles  big,  and  is  ready  to  get  rich.  Of  course  most 
tenderfeet  will  rush  to  where  they  see  others  rushing,  or  follow  rumors  and  do  as  they 
see  others  do,  but  this  practical  advice  will  be  valuable  to  some  and  interesting  to  many: 

The  great  majority  of  the  men  rushing  to  the  Klondike  are  "tenderfeet."  They 
have  never  seen  a  gold  tnifsc,  and  their  comprehension  of  what  is  a  gold  mine  is  derived 
from  a  perusal  of  liiu  floba  'i  and  jetsam  of  the  daily  press.  Few  of  them  go  prepared 
to  buy  claims  already  ''pei'ed,  and  must  locate  and  prospect  claims  for  them.selves.  l-,rain- 
laden  with  absurd  ideas  as  to  the  origin  of  the  gold,  and  ignorant  of  the  natural  laws  of 
its  distribution,  confronted  in  the  country  with  the  severest  physical  condiliims  under 
which  gold  mining  is  followed  anywhere,  it  is  impossible  !)ut  that  there  shouhl  be  m^iiy 
disappointments  before  a  sufficient  number  of  successes  shidl  have  come  to  accunmlate 
the  needed  exjjcrience. 

The  first  thing  that  a  "tenderfoot"  miner  going  to  the  Yukon  from  this  City 
should  do  is  to  visit  the  State  Mining  Bureau  museum,  and  ac(iuire  as  far  as  possil)le  an 
acquaintance  with  the  appearance  of  the  commoner  varieties  of  the  rocks.  He  slumld 
so  familari/.e  himself  as  to  be  able  to  recognize  granite,  sandstone,  limestone,  slate,  ser- 
p)entine,  schist,  diorite,  diabass,  talc,  trap,  dolerite,  dolomite  and  porphyry.  It  is  not 
anticipated  that  he  could  become  infallible  in  recognizing  these  rocks,  but  he  should  be 
able  to  successfully  recognize  them  in  the  majority  ot  instances.  The  ability  to  recognize 
gold,  mica,  pyrite,  chalcopyrite  and  galena  is  also  advantageous. 

On  the  ground,  and  presuming  all  of  the  possible  ground  of  the  Klondike  placers 
already  appropriated,  the  attention  of  the  miner  should  be  first  given  to  unproven  possi- 
ble ground  in  the  valleys  of  streams  adjacent  to  those  in  which  gold  has  already  been 
found,  and  to  the  valleys  of  streams  which  head  in  the  same  hills  or  mountains  as  do 
these  known  gold-bearing  streams.  It  is  pos.sible  for  the  lode  system  which  has  enriched 
one  stream  to  have  been  cut  by  the  drainage  basin  of  another,  so  that  it  has  enriched 
them  as  well.  In  the  Yukon,  as  elswhcre,  the  mountain  uplifts  have  resulted  in  forming 
fissured  and  fractured  zones  in  the  rocks  which  have  filled  witl;  the  gold  ores.     These,  if 


Ill  country, 
of  the  first 
be  at  once 
ir  the  claim 
generally 


than  |5cx> 
ugh  to  the 
ne  is  fickle ; 
Funds  at  the 
on,  and  the 

lit  as  their 
behind  the 


vlii>  doesn't 
re  in  a  wild 
course  most 
do  as  they 
iig  to  many : 
eet."  They 
le  is  derived 
go  prepared 
ves.  hrain- 
ural  laws  of 
itions  inidtT 
dd  l)e  many 
accumulate 

11  this  City 
possible  an 
He  should 
B,  slate,  ser- 
It  is  not 
e  should  be 
;o  recognize 

like  placers 
•oven  possi- 
lieady  been 
itains  as  do 
as  enriched 
as  enriched 
1  in  forming 
These,  if 


TO    TlIK    YUKON. 


SIT 


on  one  side  of  a  nioiintain,  are  apt  to  be  duplicated  on  the  other,  and,  thc.igh  neither 
can  be  seen,  b.itii  can  be  infcrreil  from  the  discovery  of  gold  on  onv  side  of  the  drainage. 
It  is  justified  to  l(H)k  for  gohl  on  the  other  side  as  well. 

.'\s  an  additional  guide,  the  gravel  rock  fragments  in  the  jrold-bcaring  stream 
should  be  compared  with  that  being  prospected.  If  tlu-  two  contain  identical  rocks,  and 
]):irticularly  if  they  both  contain  c|uart/.,  diorite,  <iial)ase  or  porphyry  pebbles,  it  is  worth 
the  chance  to  extend  the  prospecting,  even  if  the  first  efforts  disclose  no  gold.  When 
gohl  is  found  in  several  claims  in  the  same  valley  the  direction  of  the  line  of  deposit 
should  be  noted,  anil  the  first  prospecting  shouhl  lie  done  in  that  line  as  being  the  most 
probable  one  for  the  placer.  The  gold  produced  by  the  several  claims  going  up  stream 
should  be  compared  both  in  total  ({uantity  ancl  si/e  of  grains.  With  the  data  of  this 
comparir.' i: .  it  is  impossible  to  reason  out  the  locus  of  the  richest  ground,  and  also  to 
know  when  the  lode  source  of  the  gold  is  being  approached. 

Coarse  gold,  gold  with  attached  quart/  fragments  and  rough  gold  all  indicate  that 
the  source  is  comparatively  close  at  hand— that  a  point  is  being  reached  beyond  which 


<;k.\ni>  <'.4nyon. 

there  will  l)e  no  placer.  The  Russians,  in  their  mining  of  the  Siberian  ji'acers,  failed 
generally  to  recognize  the  lode  sources  of  the  gold,  and  in  many  instances  carried  their 
prospecting  for  pincers  miles  up  stream  beyond  the  Itnles  from  which  the  gold  came. 
There  is  no  reason  for  Ainerican  miners  making  the  same  mistake.  .Vnotlier  indication 
of  nearness  to  lodes  is  the  presence  of  rough  fragments  of  pyrite.  chalcopyrite  or  galena. 
Even  if  these  last  do  not  lead  to  gold-bearing  lodes,  they  may  lead  to  valuable  lodes  of 
copper  or  lead. 

Generally  anything  heavy  that  is  found  in  the  mining  should  be  determined.  Sil- 
ver, (juicksilver,  tin  and  nickel  ores  and  platinum  are  all  worth  considering,  even  in 
.\laska.  The  possibility  of  their  occurrence  should  not  be  lost  sight  of,  the  more  par- 
ticularly as  their  discovery  is  only  to  be  made  by  following  up  the  stream  indications. 


S)8 


I'O    THE    YUKON. 


The  covering  of  snow  over  the  surface  for  seven  months  of  the  year,  the  covering  of  moss 
for  the  other  five  months,  precludes  the  possibility  of  prospecting  by  the  ordinary  surface 
methods. 

Where  it  is  necessary  to  prospect  without  the  guide  of  discoveries  already  made 
adjacent,  almost  total  dependence  must  be  placed  on  the  character  of  the  pebbles  in  the 
gravels  uncovered  in  prospecting.  If  much  quartz  be  found,  even  though  no  gold  at 
first,  it  is  advisable  to  cover  the  possible  ground  for  a  placer  pretty  thoroughly  before 
abandoning  it  finally. 

.\s  a  general  proposition  it  will  prove  very  advantageous  for  a  dozen  or  more 
miners  to  co-operate  in  making  a  systematic  exploration  of  unknown  ground.  Work 
can  be  done  cheaper,  faster  and  surer  than  by  the  same  men  acting  independently.  Co- 
operation admits  of  increasing  the  tool  outfit  by  a  blacksmith  shop  and  drill  outfit. 
Powder  can  be  used,  and  the  prospect  holes  sunk  through  the  frozen  ground  much  faster 
than  by  fire. 

Prospecting  can  be  spread  over  a  much  larger  area  by  co-operation  than  by  the 
same  men  acting  each  for  himself.  Co-operating,  once  the  goH  lead  i::  found,  the  whole 
company  are  in  a  position  to  intelligently  secure  a  valuable  claim  for  each  member,  and 
to  get  the  claims  so  connected  that  they  can  be  economically  exploited  as  one  property. 
It  must  be  remembered  that  the  present  cumbersome  method  of  exploitation  will  soon 
be  replaced  by  quicker  and  better  ones,  admitting  of  the  profitable  working  of  the 
ground  now  left  unworked,  and  distinctly  advantageous  to  large  claims,  compared  with 
small  ones.  ,  ^ 


ALASKA'S  RIGOROUS  CLIMATE. 

Washington,  August  3. 

Under  the  direction  of  Secretary  of  Agriculture  Wilson,  Chief  Moore  of  the 
Weather  Bureau  has  made  public  a  statement  in  regard  to  the  climate  of  Alaska.  Mr. 
Moore  says : 

The  Climate  of  the  coast  and  the  interior  of  Alaska  are  unlike  in  many  respects, 
and  the  difiierences  are  intensified  in  this  as  perhaps  in  few  other  countries  by  exceptional 
physical  conditions.  The  fringe  of  islands  that  separates  the  mainland  from  the  Pacific 
ocean,  from  Dixon  Sound  north,  and  also  a  strip  of  the  mainland  for  possibly  twenty 
miles  back  from  the  sea,  following  the  sweep  of  the  coast  as  it  curves  to  the  northwest- 
ward to  the  western  extremity  of  Alaska,  form  a  distinct  climatic  division  which  may  be 
termed  temperate  Alaska.  The  temperature  rarely  falls  to  zero ;  winter  does  not  set  in 
until  December  ist,  and  by  the  last  of  May  the  snow  has  disappeared,  except  on  the 
mountains. 

The  mean  winter  temperature  of  Sitka  is  62.5,  but  little  less  than  that  of  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.  The  rainfall  of  temperate  Alaska  is  notorious  the  world  over,  not  only  as 
regards  the  quantity,  but  also  as  to  the  manner  of  its  falling,  viz.:  In  long  and  incessant 
rains  and  drizzles.  Cloud  and  fog  naturally  abound,  there  being  on  an  average  but  66 
clear  days  in  the  year. 

North  of  the  Aleutian  Islands  the  coast  climate  becomes  rigorous  in  winter,  but  in 
summer  the  difference  is  much  less  marked.  The  climate  of  the  interior,  including  in 
that  designation  practically  all  the  country  except  a  narrow  fringe  of  coastal  margin, 
and  the  territory  before  referred  to  as  temperate  Alaska,  is  one  of  extreme  rigor  in  vinter, 
with  a  brief  but  relatively  hot  summer,  especially  when  the  sky  is  free  from  cloud.  In 
the  Klondike  region  in  midwinter  the  sun  rises  from  9:30  to  10  a.  m.,  a;id  sets  from  i  to 
2  p.  m.,  the  total  length  of  ilaylight  being  about  four  hours.  Remembf.ring  that  the  sun 
rises  but  a  fev.  iegrees  above  the  horizon,  and  that  it  is  wholly  obscured  on  a  great  many 
days,  the  cliaract..-r  of  the  winter  months  may  easily  be  imagin    1. 


ring  of  moss 
nary  surface 

Iready  made 
bbles  in  the 
no  gold  at 
ughly  before 

sen  or  more 
und.     Work 
dently.     Co- 
drill  outfit, 
much  faster 

1  than  by  the 
id,  the  whole 
member,  and 
•ne  property, 
ion  will  soon 
rking  of  the 
jmpared  with 


,  August  3. 
Moore  of  the 
Alaska.     Mr. 

lany  respects. 
ly  exceptional 
>m  the  Pacific 
•ssibly  twenty 
he  northwest- 
ivhich  may  be 
oes  not  set  in 
xcept  on  the 

t  of  Washing- 

not  only  as 

ind  incessant 

k^erage  but  66 

winter,  but  in 
,  including  in 
astal  margin, 
gor  in  vinter, 
m  cloud.  In 
sets  from  i  to 
;  that  the  sun 
a  great  many 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


20 


We  are  indebted  to  the  United  States  Coas'^  and  Geodetic  Survey  for  a  series  of  six 
months'  observations  on  the  Yukon  not  far  from  the  site  of  the  present  gold  discoveries. 
The  observations  were  made  with  standard  instruments  and  are  wholly  reliable.  The 
mean  temperature  of  the  months  from  October,  1889,  to  April,  1890,  both  inclusive,  are  as 
follows;  October,  33  degrees ;  November,  8  ;  December,  1 1  degrees  below  zero ;  March, 
6  above ;  April,  20  above.  The  daily  mean  temperature  fell  and  remained  below  the 
freezing  point  (32  degrees)  from  November  4,  1889,  to  April  21,  1890,  thus  giving  168 
days  as  the  length  of  the  closed  season  of  1889-90,  assuming  that  outdoor  operations  are 
controlled  by  temperature  only.  The  lowest  temperatures  registered  during  that  winter 
were:  Thirty-two  degrees  below  zero  in  November,  59  below  in  January,  55  below  in 
February,  45  below  in  March  and  26  below  in  April. 

The  greatest  continuous  cold  was  in  February,  1890,  when  the  daily  mean  for  five 
consecutive  days  was  47  degrees  below  zero. 

Greater  cold  than  that  here  noted  has  been  experienced  in  the  United  States  for  a 
very  short  time,  but  never  has  it  continued  so  very  cold  for  so  long  a  time  as  in  the 
interior  of  Alaska.  Winter  sets  in  as  early  as  September,  when  snowstorms  may  be 
expected  in  the  mountains  and  passes.  Headway  during  one  of  those  storms  is 
impossible,  and  the  traveler  who  is  overtaken  by  one  of  them  is  indeed  fortunate  if  he 
esca^  2s  with  his  life. 

The  changes  of  temperature  from  winter  to  summer  are  rapid,  owing  to  the  great 
increase  in  the  length  of  the  day.  The  mean  summer  temperature  in  the  interior 
doubtless  ranges  between  60  and  70  degrees,  according  to  elevation,  being  highest  in  the 
middle  and  low  in  the  Yukon  valley. 

PRICE  OF  PROVISIONS  AT  DAWSON. 

Living,  of  course,  comes  high.  The  region  produces  little  or  no  fruit  or  vegetables. 
The  meat  of  t'ne  caribou  and  the  moose  is  sometimes  scarce,  and  there  are  sea  ons  when 
no  salmon  can  be  obtained.  Here  is  the  list  of  prices  that  prevailed  in  Dawson  City 
when  the  miners  started  away  : 

Flour,  per  100  lbs |i2  00 

Moose  ham,  per  lb i  00 

CLribou  it.eat,  per  lb 65 

Beans,  per  lb 10 

Rice,  per  lb 25 

Sugar,  per  lb 25 

Racon,  per  lb 40 

Butter,  per  roll i  50 

Eggs  per  dozen 2  00 

Better  eggs,  per  dozen 3  00 

vSaltnou,  each $1  to  $l   50 

Potatoes,  per  lb.  25 

Turnips,  per  lb 15 

Ten,  per  lb...  I  00 

Coffee,  per  lb 50 

Dried  fruits,  per  lb 35 

Canned  fruits 50 

Canned  meats 75 

Lemons,  each 20 

Oranges,  each 50 

Tobacco,  per  lb i  50 


30 


TO    THK    YTKOX. 


PRICE    OF    PROVISIONS    AT    DAWSON -Continued. 

Liquors,  per  drink 50 

Shovels 2  50 

Picks 5  00 

Coal  oil,  per  gallon  i  00 

Overalls i  50 

Underwear,  per  suit $5  to  $7  00 

Shoes 5  00 

Rubber  boots |io   o  f  '  00 


k 


THE    FOLLOWING    GOODS  ARE   LIAt  .E    VO   DUTY. 

I'er  cent. 
Ad  Valorem. 

Axes,  hatches,  shovels,  spades,  picks,  etc 25 

Baking  Powder, 6  cents  per  pound. 

Bed  comforts 32^^ 

Blankets,  5  cents  per  pound  and 25 

Boats  and  ship  sails 25 

Boots,  shoes  and  rubber  boots 25 

Breadstuffs,  grain,  flour  and  meal,  all  kinds 20 

Butter, 4  cents  per  pound. 

Caudles 2S 

Cartridges  and  ammunition 30 

Cheese 3  cents  per  pound. 

Cigars  and  cigarettes,  $2  per  pound  and 26 

Clothing- 
Socks  10  cents  per  dozen  pairs  and 35 

Knitted  goods  of  every  description j. 

Ready  made  partially  of  wool 30 

Waterproof  clothing 35 

Cotton  knitted  goods 35 

Duck,  from  20  to 00 

Fur  caps,  capes,  muffs,  etc 25 

Jerseys,  knitted 35 

Linen  clothing 32^^ 

Oi'ed  cloth 30 

vSacks  or  bags '^o 

C offee,  condensed 'c 

Roasted  2  cents  per  pound  and ,■• 

.Substitutes 2  cents  per  pound. 

H;xtracts 3  cents  per  pound. 

Condensed  milk 3  cents  per  pound. 

Crowbars 35 

Cutlery 35 

Dogs 20 

Drugs 20 

Earthenware 30 

Edged  tools 35 

Fire  arms 20 

Fish  hooks  and  lines 25 

Flour,  wheat  75  cents,  rye  50  cents  per  bbl. 


H' 


w 


. 


DUTY. 


TO    TllK    Vl'KOX. 

GOODS   ARE    LIABLE   TO    DUTY-Continued. 

Per  Cent 
Ad  Valoreju. 
Fruits,  dried 25 

Prunes,  raisins,  currants i  cent  per  pound. 

Jellies,  jams,  perserves 3  cents  per  pound. 

Furniture 30 

Galvanized  iron  or  tinware 30 

Hardware 32^2 

Harness  and  saddlery 30 

Horses 20 

Lard 2  cents  per  pound. 

Maps  and  charts 20 

Meats,  canned 25 

In  barrels 2  cents  per  pound. 

Oatmeal 20 

Pipes,  tobacco 35 

Pork  in  barrels 2  cents  per  pound. 

Potatoes 15  cents  per  bushel. 

Potted  meats 25 

Powder,  mining  and  blasting 2  cents  per  pound. 

Rice iV(  cents  per  pound. 

Sawmills,  portable 30 

Sugar 64  100  cents  per  pound. 

Surgical  instruments 15 

Tents 32'^ 

Tobacco,  42  cents  per  pound  and 1 2  3'2 


31 


40    MII-K    CANYON. 


3'2 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


THE  CLIMATE  AND   DISEASES. 


Extract  from  Assistant  Surgeon  A.  E.  Wills'  report  for  1895 : 

"The  climate  is  wet.  The  rainfall  last  summer  was  heavy.  Although  there  is 
almost  a  continuous  sun  in  summer  time,  evaporation  is  very  slow,  owing  to  the  thick 
moss  which  will  not  conduct  the  heat.  In  consequence  the  ground  is  always  swampy.  It 
is  -iv  r.fter  several  years  of  draining  that  ground  will  become  dry  enough  to  allow  the 
fro  .  ut,  and  then  only  for  a  few  seasons.     The  heavy  mist  rising  from  the  open 

places  -i  river  settles  down  in  the  valley  in  calm,  extreme  weather.     This  dampness 

makes  ti^v  cold  to  be  felt  much  more,  and  is  conducive  to  rheumatic  pains,  colds,  etc. 

"  Miners  are  a  very  mixed  class  of  people.  They  represent  many  nationalities,  and 
come  from  all  climates.  Their  lives  are  certainly  not  enviable.  The  regulation  miner's 
cabin  is  12  by  14  feet,  with  walls  6  feet  high  and  gables  8  feet  in  height.  The  roof  is 
heavily  earthed,  and  the  cabin  is  generally  very  warm.  Two,  and  sometimes  three  or 
four  men  will  occupy  a  house  of  this  size.  The  ventilation  is  usually  bad.  Those  njiners 
who  do  not  work  their  claim'>  during  the  winter  confine  themselves  in  these  small  huts 
most  of  the  time. 

"Very  often  they  become  indolent  and  careless,  only  eating  those  things  which 
are  most  easily  prepared.  During  the  busy  time  in  summer  when  they  are  shoveling  in 
they  work  hard  and  during  long  hours,  sparing  little  time  for  eating  and  much  less  for 
cooking. 

"This  soon  leads  to  debility,  and  sometimes  to  scurvy.  In  a  cold  climate,  such 
as  this,  where  it  is  impossible  to  get  fresh  vegetables  and  fruit,  it  is  most  important  that 
the  best  substitutes  for  these  should  be  provided. 

"The  diseases  met  with  in  this  country  are  dyspepsia,  antemia,  scurvy,  caused  by 
improper  food,  sameness  of  diet,  overwork,  want  of  fresh  vegetables,  overheated  and 
badly  ventilated  houses,  rheumatism,  pneumonia,  bronchitis,  enteritis,  cystitis  and  other 
acute  diseases  from  exposure  to  wet  and  cold;  debility  and  chronic  diseases  due  to 
excesses.  In  selecting  men  to  reside  in  this  country,  I  beg  to  submit  a  few  remarks, 
some  of  which  will  be  of  assistance  to  the  Medical  Examiners  in  making  their  recom- 
mendations. 

"Men  should  be  sober,  strong  and  healthy.  They  should  be  practical  men,  able 
to  adapt  themselves  quickly  to  their  surroundings.  Special  care  should  be  taken  to  see 
that  their  lungs  are  sound,  and  that  they  are  free  from  rheumatism  and  rheumatic 
tendencies,  and  that  their  joints,  especially  knee  joints,  are  strong  and  have  never 
been  weakened  by  injury  or  disease.  It  is  also  important  to  consider  their  temper- 
ments.  Men  should  be  of  cheerful,  hopeful  dispositions  and  willing  workers.  Those  of 
sullen,  morose  natures,  although  they  may  be  good  workers,  are  very  apt,  as  soon  as  the 
novelty  of  the  country  wears  off,  to  become  dissatisfied,  pessimistic  and  melancholy." 

hoiegra'phis  ^tuiie 

r - --—  - '^ 

838    MARKET    STREET. 
t  t  t  ^SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 


v_ 


Wo  niiike  a  Spet^ialty  of  taklntc  IMiotoH  of  People  grolng  to  iind  comlnir  from  the 

Klondiko.     All  the  latest  Alaska  ViewM  on  Sale  at  our  Ntiullo.     You  are 

kindly  Invited  to  give  nn  a  call. 


«  J  ONES     St      LOTZ.» 


m 


ugh  there  is 
to  the  thick 
swampy.  It 
to  allow  the 
)ni  the  open 
is  dampness 
olds,  etc. 
nalities,  and 
tion  miner's 
The  roof  is 
nes  three  or 
'hose  miners 
>e  small  huts 

hings  which 
shoveling  in 
uch  less  for 

liniate,  such 
portant  that 

y,  caused  by 
Theated  and 
tis  and  other 
eases  due  to 
"ew  remarks, 
their  recom- 

al  men,  able 
taken  to  see 
d  rheumatic 
have  never 
lieir  temper- 
s.  Those  of 
s  soon  as  the 
ancholy." 


3 


,    CAL. 

K  from  the 
t)u  are 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


33 


LATEST  AMENDMENT. 

Ottawa  (Ont.),  August  12. 

The  Department  of  the  Interior  forwarded  the  following  notice  to  the  Yukon, 
"Clauses  4  and  8  of  the  regulations  governing  placer  mining  on  the  Yukon  river  and  its 
tributaries  are  amended  by  reducing  the  length  of  a  creek  and  river  claim  to  100  feet; 
and  the  length  of  a  creek  and  river  claim  to  be  granted  to  the  discoverer  of  a  new  mine 
to  200  feet.  The  fee  for  the  renewal  of  an  entry  for  a  claim  has  been  reduced  from 
fine-  to  fl.S." 

Ottawa,  Ont.,  August  15. 

The  regulations  made  by  the  Dominion  Government  covering  the  collection  of 
royalty  on  gold  mined  on  the  Klondike  were  published  in  an  official  gazette  issued 
yesterday,  as  follows : 

"  That  upon  all  gold  mined  on  claims  referred  to  in  regulations  for  Government 
placer  mining  along  the  Yukon  River  and  its  tributaries  a  royalty  of  10  per  cent  shall 
be  levied  and  collected  by  officers  to  be  appointed  for  the  purpose,  provided  that  the 
amount  mined  and  taken  from  a  single  claim  does  not  exceed  #500  per  week.  And  in 
case  the  amount  mined  and  taken  from  any  single  claim  exceeds  $500  per  week  there 
shall  be  levied  and  collected  a  royalty  of  10  per  cent  upon  the  amount  so  taken  out  up 
to  $500,  and  upon  the  excess  over  $500  per  week  taken  from  any  single  claim  shall  be 
levied  and  collected  a  royalty  of  20  per  cent,  such  royalty  to  form  a  part  of  the 
consolidatecl  revenue  and  be  accounted  for  by  the  officers  who  collect  the  same  in  due 
course. 

"That  the  times  and  manner  in  which  such  royalty  shall  be  collected  and  the 
persons  who  shall  collect  the  same  shall  be  provided  for  by  regulations  to  be  made  by 
the  Gold  Commissioner ;  and  that  the  Gold  Commissioner  l)e  and  is  hereby  given 
authority  to  make  such  regulations  and  rules  accordingly.  That  default  in  payment  of 
such  royalty,  if  continued  for  ten  days  after  notice  has  been  posted  upon  a  claim  on 
which  it  is  demanded  or  in  the  vicinitj-  such  claim  by  the  Gold  Commis.sioner  or  his 
agent  shall  l)e  followed  by  the  cancellation  of  the  claini. 

"  That  any  attempt  to  defraud  the  Crown  by  withholding  any  part  of  the  revenue 
ilius  provided  for  by  making  false  statements  of  the  amount  taken  out,  may  be  punished 
by  cancellation  of  the  claim  in  respect  of  which  fraud  or  false  statements  have  been 
oonmiitted  or  made  ;  and  that  in  respect  of  facts  as  to  such  fraud  or  false  statement  ©r 
non-payment  of  royalty  the  decision  of  the  Gold  Commissioner  shall  be  final." 

The  regulations  governing  the  disposal  of  placer  mining  claims  along  the  Ynkou 
and  tributaries  were  amended  so  an  entry  can  only  be  granted  for  alternate  claims 
known  as  creek  claims,  bench  claims,  bar  diggings  and  dry  diggings,  and  that  other 
alternate  claims  reserved  for  the  Crown  are  to  be  disposed  of  by  public  auction  or  in  such 
manner  as  may  be  decided  by  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

The  penalty  for  trespassing  upon  a  claim  reserved  for  the  Crown  is  immediate 
cancellation  by  the  Gold  Commissioner  of  any  entry  or  entries  which  the  person 
tres])assing  may  have  obtained,  whether  by  original  entr}'  or  purchase,  for  a  mining 
claim,  and  refusal  by  the  Gold  Connnissioner  of  the  acceptance  of  any  application  which 
the  person  trespassing  maj-  ;it  any  time  niake  for  claims ;  and  that  in  addition  to  such 
penalty  the  tnonnted  police,  upon  recjuisitiou  from  the  Gold  Commissioner  to  that  eflTcct. 
may  take  the  necessary  steps  to  eject  the  trespasser. 

.•\  clause  in  the  former  regulations,  providing  that  a  discoverer  of  a  new  mine  is 
ciiiilled  to  the  claim  ami  shall  be  granted  a  claim  for  "bar  iliggings "  750  feet  in  length, 
li.is  been  amendiMl  so  that  the  grant  may  apply  to  creek  and  river  claims  instead  of 
"  bar  diggings." 


34 


TO    THE    YUKOX. 


DOMINION   MINING  LAWS. 

1189. 

Privy  Council,  Canada. 

At  the  Government  House  at  Ottawa,  Friday,  the  21st  day 

of  May,  1897. 

Vreseut — His  Excellency,  the  Governor-General  in  Council: 

Whereas,  it  is  found  necessary  and  expedient  that  certain  amendments  and 
additions  should  be  made  to  the  regulations  governing  "placer  mining"  established  by 
order  of  Council  of  the  9th  November,  1889; 

Therefore,  his  Excellency  in  virtue  of  the  provisions  of  "the  Dominion  Lands 
Act"  Chapter  54  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  Canada,  and  by  and  with  the  advice  of  the 
Queen's  Privy  Council  for  Canada,  is  pleased  to  order  that  the  following  regulations 
shall  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  substituted  for  the  governance  of  placer  mining  along 
the  Yukon  river  and  its  tributaries  in  the  Northwest  Territories  in  the  room,  place  and 
stead  of  those  regulations  established  bj-  order  in  Council  of  the  9th  November,  1889. 

(Signed)  JOHN  J.  M'GEE, 

Clerk  of  the  Privy  Council. 
To  the  Honorable,  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 


Regulations  Governing  Placer  Mining  Along  the  Yukon  River  and 
its  Tributaries  in  the  Northwest  Territories. 

INTERPRKT.'VTION. 

"Bar  diggings"  sha'l  mean  any  part  of  a  river  over  which  the  water  extends  when 
the  water  is  in  its  flooded  state,  and  which  is  not  covered  at  low  water. 

"Mines  on  benches"  shall  be  known  as  bench  diggings,  and  shall  for  the  purpose 
of  defining  the  size  of  such  claims  be  excepted  from  dry  diggings. 

"Dry  diggings"  shall  mean  any  mine  over  which  a  river  never  extends. 

"Miner"  shall  mean  a  male  or  female  over  the  age  of  eighteen,  but  not  under 
that  age. 

"  Claims  "  shall  mean  the  personal  right  of  property  in  a  placer  mine  or  diggings 
during  the  time  for  which  the  grant  of  such  mine  or  diggings  is  made. 

"Legal  post"  shall  mean  a  stake  standing  not  le.ss  than  four  feet  alxjve  the 
ground  and  squared  on  four  sides  for  at  least  one  foot  from  the  top.  Both  sides  so 
squared  shall  measure  at  least  four  inches  across  the  face.  It  shall  also  mean  any  stump 
or  tree  cut  off  and  squared  or  faced  to  the  above  height  and  size. 

"Close  season"  shall  niean  the  period  of  the  year  during  which  placer  mining  is 
generally  suspended.  The  period  to  be  fixed  by  the  Gold  Commissioner  in  whose 
district  the  claim  is  situated. 

"Locality"  shall  mean  the  territory  along  a  river  (tributary  of  the  Yukon)  and 
its  affluents. 

"Mineral  "  .shall  include  all  minerals  whatsoever  other  than  coal. 

Nature  and  size  of  claims. 

I.  Bar  Diggings;  A  strip  of  land  100  feet  wide  at  high  water  mark  and  thence 
extending  along  the  river  to  its  lowest  water  level. 


St  day 


idments  and 
stablished  by 

inion  Lands 
advice  of  the 
f  regulations 
mining  along 
)in,  place  and 
her,  1889. 

:il. 


River  and 

extends  when 

r  the  purpose 

ids. 

)ut  not  under 

le  or  diggings 

et  al)ove  the 
totli  sides  so 
an  any  stump 

cer  aiining  is 
ler  in    whose 

Vukon) and 


k  and  thence 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


35 


Bartlett  Springs 

LAKE  COUNTY,   CALIFORNIA. 

The  only  place  in  the  world  where  the  Yukon  Miner  can  gain  all  that  is  needed  to 

overcome  the  rigors  of  the  Arctic. 


The  HHvtlelt  SpriiiKt  >vlier«  the  IJte- giving  Wnt«*rH  Flow, 


Xvlfe  ! 


Healtli  ! 


{S1:rei:i.e:tl:x  ! 


EASY  OF  ACCESS. 
FRUIT,  Eggs,  vegetables  in  plenty  all  the  year  round. 

OPEN  SUMMER  AND  WINTER 

Greatest  Specific  in  the  World  for  ail  Liver,  Kidney  and  Stomach  Complaints,  and  all 

Blood  and  Skin  Diseases. 

The  only  Mineral  Spring  in  the  World  where  Health  and  Happiness  can  be 
gained  every  day  in  the  year. 

BOATING  I  FISHING  !  EVERYTHING  I 

ROUTE  TO  THE  SPRINGS:  Southern  Pacific  R.  R.  and  C  &  L.  R.  R. 

via  Colusa  Junction  and  Sites. 

For  further  particulars  address 

BARTLETT  SPRINGS,  Lake  County,  California, 


.or  Call  at. 


'1BARTIrETT^>PRI\GS  ^S  OFFICE 


22    FOURTH    STREET, 


f 


.30 


TO    TIIK     Yl'KOX. 


I 


THE  RED  FRONT 


What  We  Carry  for  the  Klondike  Coontry. 


Mackinaw  Coats 

Mackinaw  Pants 

Fleece  Lined  Coats 

Sheepskin  Coats 

Duck  Coats,  Rubber  Lined 

Leather  Coats,  Corduroy  Lined 

Long  Canvas  Coats,  Fleece  Lined 

Esquimaux  Suits,  with  Hoods 

Duck  Vests,  Lined 

Duck  Pants,  Wool  Lined 

Leather  Pants 

Leather  Vests 

Calf  Skin  Coats 

German  Socks 

Heavy  Wool  Socks 

Wool  Mitts 


Corduro}'  Pants,  Extra  Heavy 

Corduroy  Suits 

Extra  Heavy  I5tt>  Blankets 

Rubber  Boots  of  all  kinds 

Rubber  Overs 

Lumbermen's  Felt  Boots 

Moose  Hide  Moccasins 

Miners'  Heavy  Shoes 

Buck  Mitts 

Fur  Caps 

Pack  Straps 

Skin  Hoods 

Money  Belts 

Arctic  Socks 

Packs 

Sweaters 


IT    WILL    PAY    TII()8K    WHO    CONTEMPLATE    (;OIN<i     I<) 

kloxdikt:  TO  CwET  our  prices  i$efore 

MAKING    PrilCHASES. 


THE 


THE    RED    FRONT, 

857-859    MARKET    STREET, 

539  prapeis(;o,  ^al 


BRANCH    STORES: 

615  Second  Ave.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
269-271  Morrison  St.,  Portland,  Ore 


^QUOTATIONS  CHEERFULLY  GIVENi- 


y. 

a  Heavy 

inkets 
inds 

)Ot.S 


TO    THE 


,  <?al. 


TO    TIIK     YIKON. 


f»T 


a.  The  sides  of  a  claim  for  bar  digging  shall  tie  two  parallel  lines  run  as  nearly 
as  possible  at  right  angles  to  the  stream,  and  shall  be  marked  by  four  legal  {)osts,  one  at 
each  end  of  the  claim  at  or  about  high  water  mark,  also  one  at  each  end  of  the  claim  at 
or  about  the  edge  of  the  water.  One  of  the  posts  at  high  water  mark  shall  be  legibly 
marked  with  the  name  of  the  m'uer  and  the  dUe  upon  which  the  claim  is  staked. 

3.  Dry  diggings  shall  be  100  feet  square,  and  shall  have  placed  at  each  of  its  four 
comers  a  legal  post  upon  one  of  which  be  legibly  marked  the  name  of  the  miner  and 
the  date  upon  which  the  claim  was  staked. 

4.  Creek  and  river  claims  shall  be  500  feet  long,  measured  in  the  direction  of  the 
general  course  of  the  stream,  and  shall  extend  in  width  from  base  to  base  of  the  hill  or 
bench  on  each  side,  but  when  the  hills  or  benches  are  less  than  100  feet  apart,  the  claim 
may  be  100  feet  in  depth.     The  sides  of  a  claim  shall  be  two  parallel  lines  run  as  nearly 


PRANK   CROMIER'S   CLAIM. 

as  possible  at  right  angles  to  the  stream.  The  sides  shall  be  marked  with  legal  posts  at 
or  about  the  edge  of  the  water  and  at  the  rear  boundaries  of  the  claim.  One  of  the  legal 
posts  at  the  stream  shall  be  legibly  marked  with  the  name  of  the  miner  and  the  date 
upon  which  the  claim  was  staked. 

5.  Bench  claims  shall  be  100  feet  square. 

6.  In  defining  the  size  of  claims  they  shall  be  measured  horizontally,  irrespective 
of  inequalities  on  the  surface  of  the  ground. 

7.  If  any  person  or  perons  shall  discover  a  new  mine,  and  such  discovery  shall 
be  e'itiiblisbed  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Gold  Commissioner,  a  claim  for  the  bar  diggings 
750  feet  in  length  may  be  granted.  A  new  stratum  of  auriferous  earth  or  gravel,  situated 
in  a  locality  where  the  claims  are  abandoned,  shall  for  this  purpose  be  deemed  a  new 
mine,  although  the  same  locality  shall  have  previously  been  worked  at  a  different  level. 

8.  The  forms  of  application  for  a  grant  for  placer  mining  and  the  grant  of  the 
same  shall  be  those  contained  in  forms  "H"  and  "  I  "  in  the  schedule  hereto. 


38 


TO    TIIK    YITKOX. 


9.  A  claim  shall  be  recorded  with  the  Gold  Cominissiouerjn^whose  district  it  is 
situated  within  three  days  after  the  location  thereof  if  it  is  located  within  ten  miles  ot 
the  Commissioner's  office.  One  extra  day  shall  be  allowed  for  making  such  record  for 
every  additional  ten  miles  and  fraction  thereof. 

TO.  In  the  event  of  the  absence  of  the  Ck)ld  Commissioner  from  his  office,  entry 
for  a  claim  may  be  granted  by  any  person  whom  he  may  appoint  to  perform  his  duties 
in  his  absence. 

11.  Entry  shall  not  be  granted  for  a  claim  which  has  not  lieen  staked  by  the 
applicant  in  person  in  the  manner  specified  in  these  regulations.  An  affidavit  that  the 
claim  was  staked  out  by  the  applicant  shall  be  eniJvjdied  in  form  "H"  of  the  schedule 
hereto. 

12.  An  entry  fee  of  $15  shall  be  charged  the  first  year  and  an  annual  fee  of  |ioo 
for  each  of  the  following  years.  This  provision  shtU  apply  to  the  locations  for  which 
entries  have  already  lieen  granted. 

13.  .\fter  the  recording  of  a  claim  removal  of  any  post  by  the  holder  thereof,  or 
any  person  acting  in  his  behalf,  for  the  purpose  of  changing  the  boundaries  of  his  claim, 
shall  act  as  a  forfeiture  of  the  claim. 

14.  The  entry  of  every  holder  for  a  grant  for  placer  mining  must  be  renewed  and 
his  receipt  relinquished  and  replaced  every  year,  the  entry  fee  being  paid  each  year. 

15.  No  miner  shall  receive  a  grant  for  more  than  one  mining  claim  in  the  same 
locality ;  but  the  same  miner  may  hold  any  number  of  claims  by  purchase,  and  any 
number  of  miners  may  unite  to  work  their  claims  in  common  upon  such  terms  as  they 
may  arrange,  provided  such  agreement  be  registered  with  the  Gold  Commissioner  and  a 
fee  of  I5  paid  for  each  registration. 

16.  Any  miner  or  miners  may  sell,  mortgage  or  dispose  of  his  or  their  claims, 
provided  such  disposal  be  registered  with  and  a  fee  of  $2  paid  to  the  Gold  Commissioner, 
who  shall  thereupon  give  the  assignee  a  certificate  in  form  "J  "  in  the  schedule  hereto. 

17.  Every  miner  shall  during  the  continuance  of  his  grant  have  the  exclusive 
right  of  entry  upon  his  own  claim  for  the  minerlike  working  thereof,  and  the  construction 
of  a  residence  thereon,  and  shall  be  entitled  exclusively  to  all  the  proceeds  realized 
therefrom;  but  he  shall  have  no  surface  rights  therein,  and  the  Gold  Commissioner  may 
grant  to  the  holders  of  adjacent  claims  such  rights  of  entry  thereon  as  may  be  absolutely 
necessary  for  the  working  of  their  claims,  upon  such  terms  as  may  to  him  seem 
reasonable.  He  may  also  grant  permits  to  miners  to  cut  timber  thereon  for  their  own 
use,  upon  payment  of  the  dues  prescri))ed  by  the  regulations  in  that  behalf. 

18.  Every  miner  shall  be  entitled  to  the  use  of  so  much  of  the  water  naturally 
flowing  through  or  past  his  claim,  and  not  already  lawfully  appropriated,  as  shall  in  the 
opinion  of  the  Gold  Commissioner  be  necessary  for  the  due  working  thereof,  and  shall  be 
entitled  to  drain  his  own  claim  free  of  charge. 

19.  A  claim  shall  be  deemed  to  be  abandoned  and  open  to  the  occupation  and 
entry  by  any  person  when  the  .same  shall  have  remained  unworked  on  working  days  by 
the  grantee  thereof  or  by  some  person  on  his  behalf  for  the  space  of  seventy-two  hours, 
unless  sickness  or  other  reasonable  cause  may  be  shown  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Gold 
Cojnmissioner,  or  unless  the  grantee  is  absent  on  leave  given  by  the  Commissioner,  and 
the  Gold  Commissioner  upon  obtaining  evidence  satisfactory  to  himself  that  this 
provision  is  not  being  complied  with  may  cancel  the  entry  given  for  a  claim. 

20.  If  the  land  upon  which  a  claim  has  been  located  is  not  the  property  of  the 
Crown  it  will  be  necessary  for  the  person  who  applies  for  entry'  to  furnish  proof  that  he 
has  acquired  from  the  owner  of  the  land  the  surface  right  before  entry  can  be  granted. 

21.  If  the  occupier  of  the  lands  has  not  received  a  patent  therefor  the  purchase 
money  of  the  surface  rights  must  be  paid  to  the  Crown,  and  a  patent  of  the  surface  rights 


•Ustrict  it  is 
ten  miles  ol 
!h  record  for 

office,  entry 
m  hJH  duties 

iked  by  the 
avit  that  the 
the  schedule 

d  fee  of  Jtioo 
IS  for  which 

r  thereof,  or 
of  his  claim, 

renewed  and 
ch  year, 
in  the  same 
se,  and  any 
enns  as  they 
aioner  and  a 

their  claims, 
mimissioner, 
ule  hereto. 
he  exclusive 
construction 
eds  realized 
issioiier  may 
3e  absolutely 
9  hitii  seem 
or  their  own 

ter  naturally 
shall  in  the 
and  shall  he 

upation  and 
ing  days  by 
y-two  hours, 
of  the  Gold 
ssioner,  and 
f    that    this 

tperty  of  the 
iroof  that  he 
e  granted, 
he  purchase 
irface  rights 


TO    TIIK    YCKOX. 


.-}» 


KliONDlKE  SUPPlilES 

Pelt  Coats,  Wool  Lined, 

Blanket  Clothing, 

Reversible  Leather  Coats,  Corduroy  Lined, 

Blankets,  Comforters, 

Arctic  Socks,  Sweaters,  Fur  Lined  Ulsters,  Esquimaux  Suits, 

Fur  Lined  Sleeping  Bags, 
Mackinaw  Coats. 


MURPHY,  GRANT  &  CO. 

Sansome  and  Bush  Streets, 

...San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Rubber  Goods  for  Klondike ! 

CRACK -PROOF"  S  MINERS' 

and  CO  \TS  and  HATS 

'*  SNAG -PROOF"       \ 

...BOOTS      RUBBER 

BI<ANKBTS 
RUBBER  BOOTS 

with  WOOLEN 

I.EATHER  SOI<ES  SOCKS 

©©HDYEAH  MUBBEM  CO. 

R.  H.  PEASE,  VIce-Pres.  and  Manager 
73  and  7o  First  Street,  573,  o75,  577  and  57»  Market  Street, 

PORTLAND,  ORE.  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


40 


TO  TiiK   yi;k<>n. 


r 


SHERWOOD  &  SHERWOOD 

ITV^RORTeRS     AND     EXRORTERS. 


•      •      • 
PACIFIC  COAST  AGENTS    kor. 


KEYSTONE  TrtonO^tam  WHISKEY 


SCHLITZ  "The    Beer   that   made    Mihvauket; 

famous." 


£.&  J.  BURKE'S  Bass' 

Irish 

Old  Tom  Gill 


Guinness'  Stout 
.jcotch  Whiskies 


John  Dewar  &  Sons'  ow  mghiand  scotch 

Whiskey. 

GOODERHAM  &  WORTS 

"Special"  Canadian  Rye  Whiskey. 


Tijc  ^lab  Cocktails 

PURE  WHISKIES 


r: o 

KENTUCKY  BOURBONS    -     -    in  wood 
PENNSYLVANIA  RYES  -     -        "      " 

Russet  Champagne  and  Sweet  Ciders,  in  Glass. 

CROSSE    S    BLACKWELL'S    Pickles,  Lucca  Oil,  Jams. 

Sauces,  Vinegar,  Olives. 

EPPS'S  Cocoa.  FRY'S  Cocoa. 

COLMAN'S  London  Mustard. 

CURTICE  BROTHERS'  "Blue  Label"  Tomato  Ketchup 
Knickerl)Ocker  Corn,  Boned  Meats,  Preserves. 

DURKEE  S  Salad  Dressing  and  Spices. 


PORTLAND 


*  •  • 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


LOS  ANOELES 


600  fee 
heneat 


claima 


001) 


SKEY 


Milwaukee 


mess'  Stout 
^^  hi  skies 


and   Scotch 


TO    TIIK     VLK«>N. 


41 


ELES 


will  issue  to  tlie  party  wl\o  ac<iuiretl  the  ttiiiiiiif|r  rif^hts.  The  money  so  collected  will 
fitlier  he  refunded  to  the  occupier  of  the  land  when  he  is  entitled  to  a  patent  therefor, 
or  will  be  credited  to  him  on  account  of  payment  for  land. 

22.  When  the  party  obtaining  the  mining  rights  cannot  make  an  arrangement 
with  the  owner  thereof  for  the  acquisition  of  the  surface  rights  it  shall  l>e  lawful  for  him 
ti>  give  notice  to  the  owner  or  his  agent,  or  the  occupier  to  appoint  an  arbitrator  to  act 
with  another  arbitrator  named  by  him  in  order  to  award  the  amount  of  compensation  to 
which  the  owner  or  occupant  shall  be  entitled.  The  notice  mentioned  in  this  section 
shall  t)e  according  to  form  to  lie  obtained  upon  application  from  the  Gold  Commsssioner 
for  the  district  in  which  the  lands  in  question  lie,  and  shall  when  practicable  be 
personally  served  on  such  owner  or  his  agents,  if  known,  or  occupant,  and  after 
reasonable  efforts  have  been  made  to  effect  personal  service  without  success,  then  such 
notice  shall  Iw  served  upon  the  owner  or  agent  within  a  period  to  l)e  fixed  by  the  Gold 
Commissioner  before  the  expiration  of  the  time  limited  in  such  notice.  If  the  proprietor 
refuses  or  declines  to  appoint  an  arbitrator  )r  when,  for  any  other  reason,  no  arbitrator 
is  appointed  by  the  proprietor  in  the  iime  limited  therefor  in  the  notice  provided 
for  by  this  section,  the  Gold  Commissioner  for  the  district  in  which  the  lands  in 
question  lie  shall,  on  Ijeing  .satisfied  by  affidavit  that  such  notice  has  come  to  the 
knowledge  of  such  owner,  agent  or  occupant,  or  that  such  owner,  agent  or  occupant 
wilfully  evades  the  service  of  such  notice,  or  cannot  be  found,  and  that  reasonable  efforts 
have  Ijeen  made  to  effect  such  service,  and  that  the  notice  was  left  at  the  last  place  of 
abode  of  such  owner,  agent  or  occupant,  appoint  an  arbitrator  on  his  liehalf. 

23.  (d)  All  arbitrators  appointed  under  the  authority  of  these  regulations  shall  be 
sworn  before  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  to  the  impartial  discharge  of  the  duties  assigned  to 
them,  and  they  shall  forthwith  proceed  to  estimate  the  reasonable  damages  which  the 
owner  or  occupant  of  such  lands  according  to  their  several  interests  therein  shall  sustain 
by  reason  of  such  prospecting  and  mining  operations. 

(  b  \.  In  estimating  such  damages  the  arbitrators  shall  determine  the  value  of  the 
land  irrespectively  of  any  enhancement  thereof  from  the  existence  of  mineral  therein. 

(  c ).  In  case  such  arbitrators  cannot  agree  they  may  select  a  third  arbitrator,  and 
when  the  two  arbitrators  cannot  agree  upon  a  third  arbitrator  the  Gold  Commissioner  for 
the  district  in  which  the  lands  in  question  lie  shall  select  such  third  arbitrator. 

( d ).  The  award  of  any  two  such  arbitrators  made  in  writing  shall  be  final,  and 
shall  l>e  filed  with  the  Gold  Commissioner  for  the  district  in  which  the  lands  lie. 

If  anj'  cases  arise  for  which  no  provision  is  made  in  these  regulations  the 
provisions  of  the  regulations  governing  the  disposal  of  mineral  lands  other  than  coal 
lands  approved  by  his  Kxcellency  the  Governor  in  Council  on  the  9th  of  November, 
1889,  shall  apply. 

QUARTZ    MINING. 

Regulations  in  respect  to  placer  mining,  so  far  as  they  relate  to  entries,  entry  fees, 
assignments,  marking  of  locations,  agents'  receipts,  etc.,  except  where  otherwise  provided, 
apply  also  to  quartz  mining. 

Nature  and  Size  of  Claims. 

.\  location  shall  not  exceed  the  following  dimensions:  Length  1500  feet,  breadth 
600  feet.  The  surface  boundaries  shall  lie  from  straight  parallel  lines,  and  its  boundaries 
beneath  the  surface  the  planes  of  these  lines. 

Limit  to  Number  of  Locations. 

Not  more  thau  one  mining  location  shall  be  granted  to  any  one  individual 
claimant  upon  the  same  lode  or  vein. 


42 


TO    TllK     VrivOX. 


Mill  Sites. 

Land  used  for  milling  purposes  may  be  applied  for  and  patented,  either  in 
connection  with  or  separate  from  a  mininf?  location,  and  may  he  held  in  addition  too 
mining  location,  provided  such  additional  land  shall  in  no  case  exceed  five  acres. 


IJEST 


GENERAL   PROVISiONS. 


Decision  of  Disputes. 

The  Superintendent  of  Mines  shall  have  power  to  hear  and  determine  all  disputes 
in  regard  to  mining  property  arising  within  his  district,  subject  to  appeal  by  either  of 
the  parties  to  the  Commissioner  of  Dominion  I<ands. 


BI(i    1 


STKAMKK    "AliirK"    AT    f':.    MICHAKLS. 


Leave  of  Absence. 

Each  holder  of  a  mining  location  shall  be  entitled  to  be  absent  and  suspend  work 
on  his  diggings  during  the  "close"  season,  which  "close"  season  shall  be  declared  by 
the  agent  in  each  district,  untler  instructions  from  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

The  agent  may  grant  a  leave  of  absence  pending  the  decision  of  any  dispute  before 

him. 

Any  miner  is  entitled  to  a  years'  leave  of  absence  upon  proving  expenditure  of 

not  less  than  |2()o  v.'ithout  any  reasonable  return  of  gold. 

The  time  occupied  by  a  locator  in  going  to  and  returning  from  tlje  office  of  the 

agent  or  of  the  superintendent  of  mines  shall  not  count  against  him. 


I 


So/r  A 


etl,    either  in 
addition  to  a 

acres. 


all  disputes 
by  either  of 


spend  wt)rk 

declared  by 

•r. 

spute  before 

•enditiire  of 
office  of  the 


TO    THE    YITKOX. 


4ii 


THE  POP-ULAR  BREW 

15 E.ST    BEER    ON    EARTH! 

BETTER    TIIAX    EAiriTERN    BEER! 

BETTP:R    8TIL.L,    IT'8   MADE    HERE! 


MEDIUM    POPS  — PINTS! 

I^ITTI^E    POPS  — HALF    PINTS 


.Put  up  (jnly  by  thk. 


California  Bdttlind  Co. 

1407-1417     EDDY    STREET, 

S.VN    FRANCIStO. 

So/c  .-{gents  Muni  ton  Mineral   U'litrr  and  Ciiigcr  C/iatnfiax/'t'  —  Al'soliitfly  Natural. 

""^"^  Tklefhoite:    "West    l^^t.-^^"^ 


44 

ru    TlIK    YirKUX. 

SMOKE 

-^^                                                 <^'^i^. 

SMOKE 

^ 

THE   OLD   RELIABLE 

nen 

SEAL  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA 


Tel.  Mm  in  810. 


>{^  GOLD!  ^'^ 


BUT  WHEN    YOU   GO  TO 


BK  SURE  TO    HAVE  SOME 

MEDICINAL 


Klondike   Whiskey 


OR 


OR 


Copper  River      B RANDY 

OK   THE   ATIjAS   brand. 

iS: NOTHING  SO  PORE  AND  NOTHING  SO  REASONABLE! 

—  •  ^  ♦- »  — 

MoHNS  &  Kalteivbach. 

H.    L-IBBES   St  COTV/^PHNY 

(  INCOKHORATKU ) 

133-137  Post  street.  San  Francisco, 

Make  a  Specialty  of 

Fur  Clothins  and  Blankets 

FOR   ALASKA   OUTFITS. 
PHcos  Reasonable.  Goods  Strictly  First  Class 


At 


SMOKE 

JNA 

IIIIIIUIIIII' 

el.  Main  Hlo. 

SOME 

DY 

RAND. 

ONABLE ! 


::!isoo. 


NY 


tets 


rst  Class 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


45 


Additional  Locations. 

The  Minister  of  the  Interior  may  grant  to  a  person  actually  developing  a  location 
an  adjoining  location  equal  in  size,  provided  it  be  shown  to  the  Minister's  satisfaction 
that  the  vein  being  worked  will  probably  extend  beyond  the  boundaries  of  the  original 
location. 

Forfeiture. 

In  event  of  the  breach  of  the  regulations,  a  right  or  grant  shall  be  absolutely 
lorfeited,  and  the  offending  party  shall  be  incapable  of  subsequently  acquiring  similar 
rights,  except  by  special  permission  hy  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 


Form  **H"— Application  for  Grant  for  Placer  Mining  Claim  and 

Affidavit  of  Applicant. 

"I,  (or  we)  of   hereby  apply  under  the  Dominion  Mining  Regulations 

for  grant  of  a  claim  for  placer  mining  as  defined  in  the  said  regulations  in 
(here  describe  localit)')  and  I  (or  we)  solemnly  swear: 

"First  —  That  I  (or  we)  am  (or  are)  to  the  best  of  my  (or  our)  knowledge  and 
belief,  the  first  discoverer  (or  discoverers)  of  the  said  deposit,  or 

"S.t:ond  —  That  the  said  claim  was  previously  granted  to (here  name 

the  last  grantee)  but  has  remained  unworked  by  the  said  grantee  for  not  less  than 

"Third  —  That  I  (or  we)  am  (or  are)  unaware  that  the  laml  is  other  than  vacant 
Dominion  lauds. 

"Fourth  — That  I  (or  we)  did  on  day  of  mark  out  on 

the  ground  in  accordance  in  every  particul.i  i  the  provi.sions  of  the  minmg  regulations 

for  the  Yukon  River  and  its  tributaries,  tlu  ^  lain:  for  wliich  I  for  we)  make  t'  i-  i>pli- 
cation,  and  that  in  so  doing  I  (or  we)  did  not  eiieron.  on  any  other  claiiii  i  mining 
location  previously  laid  out  by  any  other  person. 

"Fifth  —  That  the  said  claim  contains  as  nearly  a-    !  [<n  we)  c<    ild  measure  or 

estimate  an  area  of square  feet,  and  that  the  description  (and  sketrli,  if  any) 

of  this  date  hereto  attached  signed  by  me  (or  us)  sets  (or  set)  forth  in  detail  the  best 
of  my  (or  our)  knowledge  and  ability  its  position,  form  and  dimensii>iis. 

"Sixth  —  That  I  (or  we)  make  this  application  in  good  faitli  u>  acquire  the  claim 
for  the  sole  purpo.se  of  mining,  prosecuted  by  myself  (or  us),  or  by  myself  and  associates, 
or  by  my  (or  our)  assigns. 

"Sworn  before  me 
At  this  day  of i8 

("Signature) 

"     "i8 


V::-^-^^^*^^  **~v.^    Pioneer  Traders  in  Alaska  in 

General  Merchandise  ^  Miners'  Supplies 

I  iiH-rates  fast  Steii'ners  V)ctweeu  San  I'Yancisco  and  St.  Michaels,  and  large  River  Boats 

and  lUirges  between  all  points  on  the  Yukon,  in  Alaska  and  Northwest  Territory. 
MONTHLY   STEAMSHIP  SERVICE   BETWEEN    SITKA  ft   UNALASKA  AND  COPPER   RIVER   ft   COOKS   INLET. 

...Kor  full  particulflrs  apply  to.    . 
.310    SANSOME    STREET, 

..i^L.SAN  Francisco. 


Alaska  Commercial  Co. 


46 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


Form  "I" Grant  for  Placer  Claim. 

Department  of  the  Interior. 

Agency i8 

In  consideration  of  the  payment  of  the  fee  prescribed  by  clause  12  of  the  Mininy; 
Regulations  of  the  Yukon  river  and  its  tributaries  by  (A.  B.)  accompanying  his  (  or 

their)  application  No dated 18      ,  for  a  mining  claim 

in  (here  insert  description  of  locality),  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  hereby  grants  to  the 
said  (A.  B.)  for  the  term  of  one  year  from  the  date  hereof  the  exclusive  right  of  entry 
upon  the  claim  (here  describe  in  detail  the  claim). 

Granted  for  the  miner-like  working  thereof  and  the  construction  of  a  residence 
thereon,  and  the  exclusive  right  to  all  the  proceeds  derived  therefrom.  That  the  said 
(A.  B.)  shall  be  entitled  to  the  use  of  so  much  water  naturally  flowing  through  or  past 
his  (or  their)  claim  and  not  already  lawfully  appropriated  as  shall  be  necessary  for  the 
due  working  thereof,  and  to  drain  his  (or  their)  claim,  free  of  charge. 

This  grant  does  not  convey  to  the  said  (A.  B.)  any  surface  right  in  the  said  claim 
or  any  right  of  ownership  in  the  soil  covered  by  the  said  claim,  and  the  said  grant  shall 
lapse  and  be  forfeited  unless  the  claim  is  continuously  and  in  good  faith  worked  by  the 
said  (A.  B.)  or  his  (or  their)  associates. 

The  rights  hereby  granted  are  those  laid  down  in  the  aforesaid  mining  regulations 
and  no  more,  and  are  subject  to  all  the  provisions  of  the  said  regulations,  whether  the 
pame  are  expressed  herein  or  not. 


Gold  Conmiissioner. 


Form  '*  J  "—Certificate  of  the  Assignment  of  a  Placer  Mining  Claim. 
No Department  of  the  Interior. 

.\gency .  iS 

This  is  to  certify   that    (B.    C.i  has  (or  have)  tiled  an  assignment  in  due  form 

dated 18       and  accompanied  by  a  registration  fee  of  two  dollars,  of  the  grant 

to,  (A.  B.)  of  of  the   right   to  mine  in (Insert  descriptioti  ol 

claim,)  for  one  year  from  18 

This  certificate  entitles  the  said  (B.  C.)  to  all  rights  and  privileges  of  the  said  (A. 
B. )  in  respect  of  the  claim  assigned,  that  is  to  say,  the  exclusive  right  of  entry  upon  the 
said  claim  for  the  miner-like  working  thereof  and  the  construction  of  a  residence  thereon, 
and  the  exclusive  right  to  all  proceeds  therefrom  for  the  remaining  portion  of  the  year 
for  which  the  said  claim  was  granted  to  the  said  (A.  B.),  that  is  to  say.  until  the 
18     .. 

The  said  (B.  C.)  shall  be  entitled  t  >  the  use  of  so  much  of  the  water  naturally 
flowing  through  or  past  his  (or  their)  claim,  and  not  already  lawfully  appropriated,  a.s 
shall  be  necessary  for  the  due  working  tli'  leof  and  to  drain  the  claim  free  of  charge. 

This  grant  does  not  convey  to  the  said  (,B.  C.)  any  surface  rights  in  said  claim  or 
any  rights  of  ownership  in  the  soil  covered  by  the  said  claim,  atid  the  said  grant  shall 
lapse  and  be  forfeited  unless  the  claim  is  continually  and  in  good  faith  worked  by  the 
said  (B.  C.)  or  his  (or  their)  associates. 

The  rights  hereby  granted  are  those  laid  down  in  the  Dominion  Mining 
Regulations,  and  are  subject  to  all  provisions  of  the  sai<l  regulations,  whether  the  same 
are  expressed  herein  or  not. 

Gold  Commissioner. 


I 


7laim. 


:...  I8 

of  the  Miiiiiifj 
ying  his  (  or 
mining  claim 
grants  to  the 
right  of  entry 

>f  a  residence 
That  the  said 
irough  or  past 
essary  for  the 

the  said  claim 
id  grant  shall 
rarked  by  the 

ig  regulations 
,  whether  the 


ussioner. 


ing  Claim. 


iS 

in  due  form 

of  the  grant 

lescriptiou  o! 

f  the  said  (A. 
itry  upon  the 
ence  thereon, 
n  of  the  year 
lay,  until  the 

ter  naturally 
)ropriate(l,  as 
>f  charge, 
said  claim  or 
d  grant  shall 
orked  by  the 

nioii  Miiiin,i!; 
her  the  same 


TO    THE    Yl'KOX. 


47 


GEBMEA  BREiSTFtsT 


THE   MOST   DELICATE,  DELICIOUS   AND 

APPETIZING  OF   BREAKFAST 

FOODS. 


1  lb  of  GERMEA  makes  4  lbs  of 

solid  food 

1  lb  of  Oatmeal  makes  2  lbs  of 

solid  food 

GERMEA  takes  3   minutes  to 

cook 

Oatmeal  takes  60  minutes  to 

cook 

GERMEA  has  95  per  cent  nutri- 
ment 

Oatmeal  has  73  per  cent  nutri- 
ment 


QERrVEfl  WILL  PREVENT  SQ^RVT. 


nssjoner. 


The  "  I^Iiniiig  and  Scientific  Press  "  of  .San  Francisco,  in  their  editorial  on  Yukon 
Miners'  Outfit,  selected  GI':RMHA  in  preference  to  all  other  cereal  products,  because 
it  contained  nutriment  in  a  more  condensed  form,  a.id  because  it  was  very  quickly 
prepared. 

GERMEA:  Made  In-  the  SPKRRY  FLOUR  CO.,  vSati  Francisco. 

THE  JOHNSON  -  LOCKE  MERCANTILE  CO. 


48 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


AMES  &  HARRIS 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


TENTS,  BAGS  and  COVERS 


PACIFIC     COAST    AGENTS 


FOR 


A.  J.  TOWER'S 

Oiled  Clothing 


THE  BEST  IN  THE    WORLD 
FULLY   GUARANTEED 


100-104   SACRAMENTO    STREET, 

San  Francisco,  Cal, 


10-12  N.  First  St. 


Portland,  Ore. 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


4» 


IRS 


GEO.    J.    BEHKER, 


Manufacturer  of 
AND  Dealer  in 


Manufacturer  of  the  Celebrated 

401  Montgomery  Avenue,  VICTOR,  PURITAN,  KEY  WEST, 

-Corner  Vallejo,-  PRIMA    DONNA,  .... 

San  Francisco,  Cal.         WASHINGTON  and  MEW  MEW 


T 


Warehouse 

(D 

220  p^'  222 

i 
Commercial 

Street. 


E.  A.  P ARGO  CO. 


WHOLESALE 


Liquor   Merchants 

316    FRONT   STREET, 


SPECIALTIES: 


San  Francisco. 


CHASSELAS   GRAPE    BRANDY 

AND J-— 


JOCKEY    CLUB   WHISKEY 


MODERN  •:•  LAUNDRY  •:•  CO. 

Office,   385-387  EIGHTH  ST.,   h,..t.  I'olsom  and  Harrison, 

Telephone,  i^outh  61.  .JiB^^HlHMHHiMM.k-^.SAN    FRANCISCO. 

LACE   CURTAINvS   A   SPECIALTY. 
SPECIAL  ATTENTION  TO  WASHING  FLANNELS  AND  SILK. 


Repairing 


of  all  kinda         I 
promptly  "^^ 

attended   to. 


7^ 


Your  Patronage 

respectfully 

solicited. 


'         WachinO  called  for  and 
■^       ITdamilg  delivered  to 
I  any  part  of  the  city. 


50 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


SCROLL  TAG  TWISTS 

AND 

Mastiff  Plug  Cut 


UP  TO  DATE,"  ARE  WITHOUT  AN  EQUAL  I 

J.  B.  PACE  TOBACCO  CO.,  405  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


^^ry^ 


^m 


^m.  €.  Br0xun  Qln. 


— [ — ^ 


320  ^nnsnmt  Street 

^^^Snn  ?tmitxsttx 


SCULLY  &  SON... 


_> 


Peter  Scully 
Thos.  E.  Scully 


Importers  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in 


...FINE  WINES  AND  LIQUORS 

^        420   SACRAMENTO   STREET 

Alaska  Trade  a  Specialty.      P — -   .^^n  Francisco,  Cal 


|<  '; 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


61 


W 


^ALASKA^ 

SLEDS  and  BOATS 


These  Sleds  are  built  in  two  sizes  — 

Sy2  ft.  long,  ao  in.  wide  on  runners  and 
8  in.  high 

Smaller  ones  — 

7  ft.  long,  i6  in.  wide  on  runners  and 
6  in.  high 

I'rame  and  ^unner|  made  oi   Oal?, 

ujith  Soft  Steel  on  Bottom  of  f^unners. 

ALL  TENANTED  AND  PINNED. 

ALL  BRACES  OF  GALVANIZED  IRON. 

Weight  of  Small  Size,  20  lbs;  Larger  One,  30  lbs 

will  Carry  1,000  and  1,500  ll>s. 


/. 


For  STERN  WHEEL  BOATS  from  30  ft.  to  150  ft. 
in  length,  apply  at  Office 

Sar>  prapeisc;©  Caupel?  Qd. 

NORTH   POIKT  and 
STOCKTON  STS. 

...San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Take  Green  Kearny  St.  Cars. 


s» 


TO    THE     YUKON. 


ARK    IN    rSH    KVKRYWHKRK. 

t^Z^^^tI^zno  1        Most  Powsrhl  in  Tone ! 


REGINA  Nos.  14  &  15. 


MusiCAi,  Automaton 

WITH 

NiCKKi.    Slot    Attal'HMKnt. 


No,  14,  Single  Coint), 

78  Steel  ToDgnes  $50,00 
No.  15,  DDDlei,  156  Steel 

-     -    $75.00 


niniensions,   21  x  ly  x  10 
inches. 

Tnne  Sheets,  15' -•  inclies 
iiaineter    -    -    60c. 

Case     in     Mahoxanv     or 
Oak. 

Ca//  and  Hear  if. 
Catalogue  Free. 


:M AN,  CLAY  §t  C« 


GENERAL.    AGENTS, 

COR.   KEARNY   &  SUTTER   STS.,   SAN    FRANCISCO. 


PIANOS,    ORGANS   AND   ALL 
MUSICAL   INSTRUMENTS. 


QwQsdd 


o 


S.  R.  MOUNT, 

Prop. 


213  MONTGOMERY  STREET. 


BEST    WINES.    LIQUORS    AND    CIGARS 


First  Class  Lunch  Dally  from   11   A.  H.  to   1   P.  1*1. 
Cosy  Card  and  Reading  Rooms. 


TELEPHONE,  BLACK   2061 


TO    TUK     VirKON. 


53 


ft 


SAFE    DEPOSIT    BOXES. 


Tlie  California  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Co 


COR.  CALIFORNIA  &  MONTaOMEHY  STS., 
SAN    FHANCISCO,    CAL. 

IFFERS  to  the  public  the  most  complete  facilities  for  the 
storage  of  OOL-D  DV7SX  and  valuables  in 
their  magnificent 

FIRE  AHD  BURGbAl^  PROOF  VAUbTS 

In  connection  with  our  vaults  we  have  beautifully  appointed 
offices  and  reading  rooms  for  the  use  of  our  patrons,  among  whom 
we  number  all  the  prominent  MINERS  lately  returned  from  the 

YUKON    AND    KLONDIKE    DISTRICTS. 


I  ^9  ^ 


— }- 


^i  Importers 


and 


^^^cS^i  Wholesale  Grocers 


im  ^  mi  C/^yps 


)Tc 


NfW  York  OftU-e: 

17  AVIllIiiin  sti-oot. 


San  Francisco. 


TELEPHONE.   FRONT  74. 


(       Tlie  No  pa  Consolidated  Q.  M.  Co's         ) 
Agency  OF     \       The  Aetna  ConsoUaated  UM.  Cos        >       QUICKSILVER. 
\       The  New  Idria  U.  M.  Cos  ) 


A4 


TO    THE     YUKON. 


F.  H.  TVLCR 


C.  L.  LABADIt 


B.  H.  TYLER  &  SDN, 

Tmporters  (zrul  J^daitizfnctzirej^s 

^ ^ "  o 

TEAS,  COFFEPS,  SPICES, 
Baking  Pouider  &  Flavomng  Extracts 

Tyler's  ^  Plantation  Coffee  Tyler's  ^  Spices 

Tyler's  Best  Perfection  Baking  Powder 
Tyler's  XXX  Flavoring  Extracts 

Tyler's  Pure  Teas  of  All  Grades 

SPECIALLY  ADAPTED  FOR  KLONDIKE  MINERS 


^ 


308-314    FRONT    STREET, 
SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAJ^. 


:¥r 


N/ITION/IL  POTTLINQ  ConP/INT 

337-330    WALLER    STREET 

T.i.phon.  w..t  299.    ^  SAN   FRANCISCO.  CAL. 

BoTTLEnS  OF  THE   FOLr,OWING   BRANDS  : 

Standard.  Miiiichener,  Extra  Pale,  Pilsner,  Culmbacher 

AND  THE  CELEBRATED 

"BLUB  RIBBON"   NATIONAL.  EXPORT  LAGER. 

-^^"^  F.  G.  SAOHS.  Prbsidbnt  and  Manaobr 

•^•E.    7V^MRTINONH<* 

Inipurter  »f  and  Wholesale  Denier  in 

FOREIGN  AND  DOMESTIC 


—  MANUFACTrRBR  OF 

Cordials 
Syrup  of  Tainarliiil 
MartlnelU's  Cider 
Farnet  Branca 


..U/ip^s  ai)d  lJc|ijor5 


714,    716,    718    FRONT    STREET 

Telephone  Main  6166.  —i  *?'r   FranciSOO,    Cal. 


Contractor 


Nc 


1^00 


Cable 


Th 


.ABADIE 

acts 

Spices 
trades 

NERS 

CAL. 

bacher 

]  Manaobr 


ior5 


o,   Cal. 


TO    TIIK    Yl'KON, 


AA 


EXIIPEIDITEID    J 

QUICKEST 
KNOW-HOW 
ALL    ROUND 
OUTFITTERS 

Contractors  to  tbe  U.  S.  GoTernment  for  EverytliiiiE  nsed  at  Alaska  Goyernient  Stations 

YOU    NEED  US 

WE  CAN    HELP  YOU 


No  Orders  Too  Lai'^e! 


No  Orders  Too  Small ! 


Ipok 


IN 

AT 

US 


Cable  *'  FIDELITY. 


To  Suit  Us  and  Profit  tho  Buyor! 

c 

SMITHS'    s   STORE 

H 

25-27  Market  Street, 

^^SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALA.,  U.  S.  A. 


THE 


MARTINELLI 
Italian  Restaurant 


(Late  of  the  Rebecchino's) 

\ii   MONTGOMERY    AVENUE, 

Commercial  Hotel  Building. 


Italian  OF  fren^hDinneF  50?t| 

Private  Parties  a  Specialty. 


GENTLEMEN 

Sober  up  on  NAPA  SODA. 
They  should  see  that  they  get  JACKSON  S  ! 


56 


TO    THE    YUKON. 


ROYAL  BAKING  POWDER 

being  the  strongest  and  in  more 
concentrated  form,  goes  further  and 
is  the  only  powder  adapted  to 
A^lfinlia,  where  transportation 
is  difficult  and  expensive.  The 
ROYAL  BAKING  POWDER  will 
last  in  any  climate:  does  not  deteri 
orate  from  heat  or  cold  like  most 
baking  powders.  It  has  passed 
successfully  through  all  the  trials  of 
A^rctic  iviiitej's,  and  has  been  the  only  baking  powder 
that  has  giv«»n  perfect  satisfaction.  W.iners  and  explorers  going 
to  the  A.rctic  siiould  see  that  ROYAL  BAKING  POW- 
DER is  alone  supplied  them.      One  can  will  go  nearly  as  far 

three  cans  of  most  powders. 

■j " 

Buy  a  hijfh- class  baking  powder  only.  Others  are  wasteful.  A 
dollar's  worth  of  ROYAL  will  make  more  food  than  a  dollar's  worth  of 
an,'  other  kindt  however  low  the  price.  ROYAL  makes  perfect  food ; 
always  light,  sweet  and  wholesome.  Othei  powders  lose  their  strength 
when  opened  and  will  not  always  leaven  alike,  sometimes  actually  spoiling 
the  cake  and  wasting  expensive  flour,  eggs  and  butter. 


f 


r* 


ROYAL    BAKING    POWDER    CO.,    NEW   YORK. 


6  YEARS  IH  WOOD  AT  TIME  OF  BOmiNG, 


10 


»t         <«         »»»»        tt 


J 


HOME    COMFORTS 


TRAVELERS'    COMPANION 


0>NN  COCKr^, 

!■»  Made  from  the  Best  and  Purest  Liquors,  ^^^ 

^^  Blended  after  the  formula  of  the  Most  Expert 

Barkeepers  in  the  United  States. 

ASSORTMENT. 

CYRUS  NOBLE  OLD   BOURBON   WHISKEY 
LOMITAS   BRANDY 

MANHATTAN 

MARTINI 

VERMOUTH 

OLD  TOM   GIN 
D!«t  HAGUE   (HOLLAND     GIN 

GROWN  DISTILLERIES  COMPANY 

Bonded  lExpott  BottCers. 


PACIFJC    COAST    stores:  too -102    FRONT   STREET 

SAN    FRflNCISCO. 


Headquarters  for  Yukon  joiners ! 


m 


SAN    FRANCISCO,   CALIFORNIA. 


HE  FOLLOWING  are  among  a  number  of  Yukoners 
who  have  registered  at  the  CCmMKRilAL  HOTEL:  ' 


L.  N.  M('^iu'st(^n 

K.  J.  En^rlisli 

W.  H.  McPlK'c 

T.  M.  O'Brien 

U.  (;.  Hetties 

Frank  Diiiymore 

John  »Isoii 

F.  Hart 

Harry  Smith 

Joe  Cooper 

Hank  Siiiitui«r.H 

P.  Wjbor>r 

W.  R.  Lloyd 

John  Hunhes 

J.  Waldron 

A,  M.  Hnyos 

P.  Mtl^oU 

W.  K.  Picolt<' 

Oscar  Ashbey 

Nell  McArthur 

Tim  Bell 

Kills  L«^wis 

Joe  DertM'lie 

J.  Blancliard 

Bongral  HcArthnr 

Sftin  Matlipw 

Cash  Aniclicr 

F.  Boucher 

'John  Marks 

AntiTHs  Oalhraith 

(Mta  Yi.  Ua|>|> 

W.  H.  .I«>jn's 

Joseph  Ca/elais 

P.  McBonalrt 

John  MIron 

J.  A.  Kiwell 

Alpx.  Orr 

H.  Dove 

John  iMIIler 

W.  H.  McTnicjfart 

M.  KniitsiMi 

Jim  Winn 

X.  Mereier 

F.  St ravens 

J.  Van  Armstein 

E.  B.  I#jfsrHt 

C.  Klliniron 

Napoleon  Huol 

Joe  Juneau 

J.  Pearson 

J.  Horn 

T.  Morrill 

Joe  Wik>*on 

('.  Bonovan 

F.  Mfttfeldt 

.1.  Murray 

W.  LpTis 

H.  Shafer 

T.  J.  Allen 

J.  (iSuyer 

N.  W.  Pow«'r« 

H.  Scliroilcr 

K.  Parks 

Sam  (rJrin 

E.  Slyntfstad 

Vi.  K.  B«N»tli 

H.  I'Hcrson 

B.  F.  i.<»veft 

K.  N.  Prince 

E.  Fredrick 

V,  Sojcrln 

('.  Kn.rmond 

F.  Codiifa 

K.  Hester 

J.  Siminza 

P.  S.— Any    lnfV>riiuill(»n  ooiuHM'nlniur  ttit'  Avoinlorful    Vl'ivOX 
HIVKir   and    flio   <;<HJ>    MIXKS   will    hv   cheerfully   K^lveii    at    the 

""•*'        EDWARD    HOLLAND,    Proprietor. 

AM.  c.  ttHO<^n  CO  ,  pniNTKfft^  ale  sanvomc  KTNcfr,  ».  r. 


